비타민D2 (에르고칼시페롤)
Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol)
📚 관련 논문 (18편)
1. Nutr Rev. 2026 Mar 1;84(3):571-583. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf102. Effects of Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) on Parathyroid Hormone, Calcium, and Phosphorus in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Lai J(1), Yu X(2), Prabahar K(3), Hernández-Wolters B(4), K
2. Steroids. 2024 May;205:109394. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109394. Epub 2024 Mar 6. The effect of vitamin D2 supplementation on vitamin D levels in humans: A time and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zhou F(1), Jamilian A(2), Prabahar K(3), Hernández-Wolters B(4),
3. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jun 23;2014(6):CD007469. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007469.pub2. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults. Bjelakovic G(1), Gluud LL, Nikolova D, Whitfield K, Krstic G, Wetterslev J, Gluud C. Author information: (1)Department of Internal Medi
4. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jan 10;2014(1):CD007470. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007470.pub3. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults. Bjelakovic G(1), Gluud LL, Nikolova D, Whitfield K, Wetterslev J, Simonetti RG, Bjelakovic M, Gluud C. Author information: (1)Depart
5. Nutrients. 2023 Jun 15;15(12):2756. doi: 10.3390/nu15122756. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on (25(OH)D) Status in Children 12-30 Months of Age: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Flores-Aldana M(1), Rivera-Pasquel M(1), García-Guerra A(1), Pérez-Cortés JG(2), Bárcena-Echegollén JE(1). Author
6. Indian Pediatr. 2021 Sep 15;58(9):820-825. Epub 2021 Jul 23. Efficacy of Daily Supplementation of Milk Fortified With Vitamin D2 for Three Months in Healthy School Children: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. Marwaha RK(1), Dabas A(2), Puri S(3), Kalaivani M(4), Dabas V(5), Yadav S(2), Da
1. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Apr 27;4(4):CD015111. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015111.pub2. Vitamin D for preventing acute respiratory infections in children up to five years of age. van Arragon M(1), Grant CC(1), Scragg RK(2), Jordan VM(3). Author information: (1)Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. (2)School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. (3)Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Update of doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015111. RATIONALE: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age and contribute to healthcare visits and hospitalisations globally. Vitamin D deficiency is common amongst pregnant women and young children. Given that vitamin D supplementation is safe, affordable, and easy to administer, its potential to reduce ARI-related healthcare visits holds substantial public health relevance. This review evaluates the benefit and harm of vitamin D supplementation in preventing ARI-related healthcare visits in young children, aiming to inform supplementation policies during pregnancy and early childhood. OBJECTIVES: To determine the benefit and harm of vitamin D supplementation for preventing ARIs in children up to five years of age. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, WHO Global Index Medicus, and four clinical trial registries on 18 March 2025. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing vitamin D to placebo, or a higher dose (≥ 1000 IU) versus a lower dose (≤ 1000 IU) administered from early pregnancy through to five years of age. We excluded studies involving children with chronic respiratory or systemic conditions. OUTCOMES: Critical outcomes: 1) healthcare visits made by children for an ARI: (a) the proportion of children with healthcare visits made for ARIs; (b) the mean number of healthcare visits made for ARIs per child; and 2) hypercalcaemia: the number of pregnant women and children with hypercalcaemia. RISK OF BIAS: We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) 1 tool for outcomes reported in the summary of findings tables. SYNTHESIS METHODS: We synthesised outcome data using meta-analyses, calculating risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous, and mean differences (MD) for continuous outcomes, each with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Where meta-analysis was not feasible, we summarised the results narratively. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for pre-specified outcomes. INCLUDED STUDIES: We included 107 RCTs involving 31,521 participants. Vitamin D supplementation was administered during pregnancy, early childhood, or both, and in some cases to both infants and lactating mothers. Interventions used vitamin D2, D3, both, or unspecified forms, with dosages ranging from daily administration to large single or quarterly boluses. Most were delivered orally, typically on a daily schedule, but also weekly or quarterly, over durations ranging from a single dose to 18 months. Settings included hospitals, day-care centres, communities, and homes. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: Vitamin D supplementation may result in a slight reduction in the proportion of children who make ARI-related healthcare visits compared to placebo (risk ratio (RR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91 to 1.00; P = 0.03; 10 studies, 2447 participants; low-certainty evidence), but probably does not reduce the mean number of ARI-related healthcare visits per child (mean difference (MD) 0.07, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.20; P = 0.32; 3 studies, 561 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Comparisons between higher and lower doses of vitamin D probably do not reduce the proportion of children making ARI-related healthcare visits (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.10; P = 0.46; 2 studies, 1382 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and do not reduce the mean number of ARI-related healthcare visits per child (MD -0.10, 95% CI -0.59 to 0.39; P = 0.69; 1 study, 579 participants; low-certainty evidence). No cases of hypercalcaemia were reported among pregnant women in trials comparing vitamin D supplementation with placebo. In higher versus lower dose comparisons, supplementation may result in little to no difference in the risk of hypercalcaemia among pregnant women (RR 1.61, 95% CI 0.60 to 4.31; P = 0.34; 6 studies, 2379 participants; low-certainty evidence). Similarly, the evidence that vitamin D supplementation has little to no effect on the risk of hypercalcaemia in children, when compared with placebo, is very uncertain (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.24; 7 studies, 1542 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and may result in little to no difference in the risk of hypercalcaemia in children when higher doses are compared to lower doses (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.85; 7 studies, 1287 participants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found low-certainty evidence that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or early childhood may result in a slight reduction in the proportion of children under five years of age who make ARI-related healthcare visits, but probably does not reduce the mean number of healthcare visits for ARIs per child. This finding highlights the need for large, well-designed, placebo-controlled trials to confirm the potential benefit. We found moderate-certainty evidence that higher-dose vitamin D supplementation, compared with lower doses, probably does not reduce the proportion of children making healthcare visits for ARIs and does not reduce the mean number of ARI-related healthcare visits per child. Hypercalcaemia occurs infrequently in both pregnant women and children receiving vitamin D supplementation. Where hypercalcaemia could be measured, specifically in children receiving vitamin D versus placebo, vitamin D supplementation may have little to no effect on the risk of hypercalcaemia (very low-certainty evidence). In both children and pregnant women, a higher dose of vitamin D compared to a lower dose may result in little to no difference in the risk of hypercalcaemia (low-certainty evidence). FUNDING: This Cochrane review had no dedicated funding. REGISTRATION: Protocol (2022) DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD015111. Copyright © 2026 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD015111.pub2 PMCID: PMC13112518 PMID: 42037591 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Marisa van Arragon: reports working as a Research Nurse Coordinator for the PREVARID Study (Preventing Acute Respiratory Infections with Vitamin D) until 2019. She is currently the ARROW Study NZ Nurse Coordinator and Site Investigator at Te Toka Tumai Auckland, part of Te Whatu Ora – Health New Zealand. Marisa is also pursuing a PhD at the University of Auckland – Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, with her thesis titled: "Preventing Acute Respiratory Infections with Vitamin D Supplementation in Early Childhood". Cameron Grant: reports being an author of an investigator‐initiated study included in this Cochrane review (Grant 2014). Reports not being involved with selection, data extraction, risk of bias and GRADE assessments for this study in this Cochrane review. The study was funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand and the Auckland Medical Research Foundation. He is the primary PhD supervisor for Marisa van Arragon and serves as the Head of the Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health at the University of Auckland. Robert Scragg: reports funding to carry out a large randomised controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation from the Health Research Council of New Zealand; payment to institution. He reports being a member of the working party that developed clinical practice guidelines on vitamin D for the US Endocrine Society (no payment involved, all pro bono work). He was involved in conducting an investigator‐initiated study included in this Cochrane review (Grant 2014). Reports not being involved with selection, data extraction, risk of bias and GRADE assessments for this study in this Cochrane review. The study was funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand. Vanessa Jordan: declared that she has no conflict of interest.
2. Medicine (Baltimore). 2026 Feb 20;105(8):e47436. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000047436. Effects of different vitamin D supplements on body fat distribution and glucolipid metabolism in patients with obesity-associated metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis. Huang Q(1), Zhan J, Gui Y, Ma M, Li E. Author information: (1)Department of General Medicine, The Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. BACKGROUND: Obesity-associated metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in obesity, and supplementation has been hypothesized to modulate body fat distribution and glucolipid metabolism. This meta-analysis compared the metabolic effects of different vitamin D formulations in patients with obesity-associated MetS. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched from inception to the search date. Randomized controlled trials enrolling patients with obesity and/or MetS and evaluating vitamin D2, vitamin D3, or active vitamin D versus placebo/no intervention/low-dose vitamin D for ≥8 weeks were included. Primary outcomes were visceral and subcutaneous fat indices; secondary outcomes included fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and lipid parameters. Effect sizes were pooled as mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs); heterogeneity was assessed using I2. RESULTS: Fifty randomized controlled trials were included. Vitamin D3 and active vitamin D reduced visceral adiposity (SMD -0.35, 95% CI: -0.50 to -0.20; and -0.40, 95% CI: -0.60 to -0.20; I2 = 42%), whereas vitamin D2 showed no significant effect (SMD -0.10, 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.05). Vitamin D3 and active vitamin D improved fasting glucose (MD -0.30 and -0.35 mmol/L) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (SMD -0.40 and -0.45), and lowered LDL (MD -0.30 and -0.25 mmol/L). Benefits were greater with ≥2000 IU/d, intervention duration ≥6 months, and baseline 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL. The Egger test did not indicate significant publication bias (P = .12). CONCLUSIONS: In obesity-associated MetS, vitamin D3 and active vitamin D, particularly at higher doses and longer durations, are associated with reductions in visceral fat and improvements in glycemic control, insulin resistance, and selected lipid indices; vitamin D2 appears less effective. Copyright © 2026 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000047436 PMCID: PMC12928931 PMID: 41731803 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.
3. BMC Pediatr. 2025 Nov 25;25(1):952. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05795-2. Can vitamin D supplementation affect cardiometabolic factors in children and adolescence with overweight and obesity? A grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Faghfouri AH(1), Mahmoudinezhad M(2)(3), Pam P(2)(3), Barazandeh S(4)(5), Faramarzi F(1), Mohammadpour Y(6), Musazadeh V(7)(8), Gheibi S(9). Author information: (1)Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. (2)Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. (3)Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. (4)Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran , University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (5)Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran , University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (6)Patient Safety Research Center, School of Medicine, Clinincal Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. (7)Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran , University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mosazadeh.vali05@gmail.com. (8)Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran , University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mosazadeh.vali05@gmail.com. (9)Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. gheibi1345sh@gmail.com. BACKGROUND: Vitamin D have been proposed as a supplement to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. However, findings evidence remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to April 2025 was searched. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic factors including anthropometric indices, glycemic state and lipid profile. Data were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Nine studies with 440 participants were included. The meta-analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation no significantly improved BMI, BMI-Z, FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, TG, TC, and LDL-C. However, it was accompanied with a significant reduction in HDL-C level. Subgroup-analysis showed that vitamin D2 showed a greater reduction in HOMA-IR compared to vitamin D3, though the effect was statistically significant (WMD = -0.51, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.03; p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: The current meta-analysis revealed vitamin D supplementation has no favorable effect on cardiometabolic risk factors. More high-quality and large-scale trials are needed to provide more robust evidence. © 2025. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s12887-025-05795-2 PMCID: PMC12645772 PMID: 41291584 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
4. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Jul 3;16:1421663. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1421663. eCollection 2025. Impact of body composition on vitamin D requirements in healthy adults with vitamin D deficiency. Dai D(#)(1), Ling Y(#)(1), Xu F(1), Li H(1), Wang R(1), Gu Y(1), Xia X(1), Xiong A(1), Sun R(1), Qiu L(1), Ding Y(1), Yu Y(1), Cai X(1), Xie Z(1). Author information: (1)National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Disease, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. (#)Contributed equally BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that individuals with high body mass index typically require high doses of vitamin D supplementation to correct vitamin D deficiency. However, it is unclear which specific body composition is the determining factor affecting the bioavailability of vitamin D after supplementation. The aim of this study was to determine which body components affect the bioavailability of vitamin D. METHODS: In order to ensure the compliance of the study subjects and avoid the impact of sunlight on vitamin D3 levels, the subjects received multiple intramuscular (i.m.) injections of vitamin D2 until their serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were above 30 ng/mL. All subjects received two i.m. injections of 600,000 IU vitamin D2, and dose adjustments were made every 6 weeks based on whether serum 25(OH)D levels were sufficient. The levels of serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and corrected using body fat mass index (FMI). Based on the 100% difference in 25(OH)D levels before and after vitamin D supplementation, the sample size was calculated, and 20 subjects would provide over 95% of the power to show the difference. RESULTS: After two dose adjustment, the serum 25(OH)D levels of all subjects were above 30 ng/mL. The subjects were divided into ≤ 1,200,000 IU vitamin D2 (n=10) and ≥ 2,400,000 IU vitamin D2 (n=15) based on the i.m. dose of vitamin D2. The results showed that compared with subjects receiving ≤ 1,200,000 IU vitamin D2, subjects receiving ≥ 2,400,000 IU of vitamin D2 had a higher total body fat mass index (FMI), particularly with higher trunk fat content and high visceral adipose tissue mass. However, the dosage of vitamin D2 supplementation was not related to BMI and lean mass content. CONCLUSION: The body fat content, especially trunk fat content, is the main body component that affects the bioavailability of vitamin D in healthy adults. Healthy adults with high trunk fat content have low bioavailability of vitamin D and require relatively high dose of vitamin D to achieve sufficient levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300070641. Copyright © 2025 Dai, Ling, Xu, Li, Wang, Gu, Xia, Xiong, Sun, Qiu, Ding, Yu, Cai and Xie. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1421663 PMCID: PMC12268183 PMID: 40678321 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.
5. J Ren Nutr. 2025 Mar;35(2):353-363. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.11.002. Epub 2024 Nov 14. A Comparison Between Severity-Dependent Protocol and Fixed-Dose Regimen of Oral Vitamin D Supplementation on Correction of Hypovitaminosis D Among Dialysis Patients. Jiampochaman S(1), Chuengsaman P(2), Kanjanabuch T(3), Susantitaphong P(3), Sriudom K(2), Katesomboon S(2), Metta K(3), Eiam-Ong S(3), Kittiskulnam P(4). Author information: (1)Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn, University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Thaksin Hospital, Suratthani, Thailand. (2)Banphaeo-Charoenkrung Peritoneal Dialysis Center, Banphaeo Dialysis Group, Banphaeo Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. (3)Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn, University, Bangkok, Thailand. (4)Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn, University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: piyawankitti@gmail.com. OBJECTIVE: Low vitamin D status is associated with either low muscle mass or impaired muscle function in dialysis patients. However, there is no consensus on how best to correct hypovitaminosis D, defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level <30 ng/mL, in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This study investigated the effect of different vitamin D supplementation regimens on sarcopenia outcomes in dialysis patients. METHODS: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. ESKD patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis with low vitamin D status on a ratio of 1:1, were randomized to either receive oral ergocalciferol utilizing a severity-dependent treatment protocol for low vitamin D status suggested by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative as a control group or a fixed-dose regimen of 20,000 international units/week. The changes in muscle mass were measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy, muscle strength was assessed by a hand grip dynamometer, physical performance was determined by gait speed, and muscle-related biomarkers were examined. RESULTS: A total of 76 dialysis patients were randomized (HD = 43.4%). Baseline characteristics, including age, dialysis vintage, and muscle parameters were similar. After supplementation, the average serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the severity-dependent and fixed-dose groups were significantly elevated from 14.5 ± 7.3 to 27.2 ± 13.2 ng/mL, P < .001 and from 15.1 ± 6.4 to 28.8 ± 11.5 ng/mL, P < .001, respectively, and did not differ between groups at 6 months (P = .60). Despite comparable energy and protein intake, the mean bioimpedance spectroscopy-derived total body muscle mass normalized to height squared was significantly increased at 6 months in the fixed-dose group (14.5 ± 3.3 to 15.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2, P = .03) compared with the severity-dependent protocol (13.5 ± 2.7 to 13.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2, P = .58). In the subgroup analysis, muscle mass improvement was statistically elevated in peritoneal dialysis patients (P = .01) while unaltered among HD patients (P = .88) in the fixed-dose group. Muscle strength, gait speed, and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 level, as the mediators of muscle cell growth, were not different between the two groups at 6 months (P > .05). Neither hypercalcemia nor hyperphosphatemia was found throughout the study. CONCLUSION: A fixed-dose ergocalciferol supplementation demonstrates similar performance in the correction of low vitamin D status but better muscle mass improvement than a severity-dependent protocol among ESKD patients. Regular dosing intervals of weekly vitamin D supplementation appear to be a promising treatment for sarcopenia among patients undergoing dialysis. Copyright © 2024 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.11.002 PMID: 39549930 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
6. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Jul 12;109(8):1907-1947. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae290. Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Demay MB(1), Pittas AG(2), Bikle DD(3), Diab DL(4), Kiely ME(5), Lazaretti-Castro M(6), Lips P(7), Mitchell DM(8), Murad MH(9), Powers S(10), Rao SD(11)(12), Scragg R(13), Tayek JA(14)(15), Valent AM(16), Walsh JME(17), McCartney CR(18)(19). Author information: (1)Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. (2)Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. (3)Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. (4)Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. (5)Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences and INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12 Y337, Ireland. (6)Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04220-00, Brazil. (7)Endocrine Section, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Internal Medicine, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands. (8)Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. (9)Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. (10)Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation, Los Gatos, CA 95032, USA. (11)Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone & Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. (12)College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA. (13)School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. (14)Department of Internal Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA. (15)The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA. (16)Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. (17)Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. (18)Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. (19)Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. Erratum in J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Feb 18;110(3):e916. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae854. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Jul 15;110(8):e2810. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaf310. BACKGROUND: Numerous studies demonstrate associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and a variety of common disorders, including musculoskeletal, metabolic, cardiovascular, malignant, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Although a causal link between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and many disorders has not been clearly established, these associations have led to widespread supplementation with vitamin D and increased laboratory testing for 25(OH)D in the general population. The benefit-risk ratio of this increase in vitamin D use is not clear, and the optimal vitamin D intake and the role of testing for 25(OH)D for disease prevention remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To develop clinical guidelines for the use of vitamin D (cholecalciferol [vitamin D3] or ergocalciferol [vitamin D2]) to lower the risk of disease in individuals without established indications for vitamin D treatment or 25(OH)D testing. METHODS: A multidisciplinary panel of clinical experts, along with experts in guideline methodology and systematic literature review, identified and prioritized 14 clinically relevant questions related to the use of vitamin D and 25(OH)D testing to lower the risk of disease. The panel prioritized randomized placebo-controlled trials in general populations (without an established indication for vitamin D treatment or 25[OH]D testing), evaluating the effects of empiric vitamin D administration throughout the lifespan, as well as in select conditions (pregnancy and prediabetes). The panel defined "empiric supplementation" as vitamin D intake that (a) exceeds the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and (b) is implemented without testing for 25(OH)D. Systematic reviews queried electronic databases for publications related to these 14 clinical questions. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the certainty of evidence and guide recommendations. The approach incorporated perspectives from a patient representative and considered patient values, costs and resources required, acceptability and feasibility, and impact on health equity of the proposed recommendations. The process to develop this clinical guideline did not use a risk assessment framework and was not designed to replace current DRI for vitamin D. RESULTS: The panel suggests empiric vitamin D supplementation for children and adolescents aged 1 to 18 years to prevent nutritional rickets and because of its potential to lower the risk of respiratory tract infections; for those aged 75 years and older because of its potential to lower the risk of mortality; for those who are pregnant because of its potential to lower the risk of preeclampsia, intra-uterine mortality, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birth, and neonatal mortality; and for those with high-risk prediabetes because of its potential to reduce progression to diabetes. Because the vitamin D doses in the included clinical trials varied considerably and many trial participants were allowed to continue their own vitamin D-containing supplements, the optimal doses for empiric vitamin D supplementation remain unclear for the populations considered. For nonpregnant people older than 50 years for whom vitamin D is indicated, the panel suggests supplementation via daily administration of vitamin D, rather than intermittent use of high doses. The panel suggests against empiric vitamin D supplementation above the current DRI to lower the risk of disease in healthy adults younger than 75 years. No clinical trial evidence was found to support routine screening for 25(OH)D in the general population, nor in those with obesity or dark complexion, and there was no clear evidence defining the optimal target level of 25(OH)D required for disease prevention in the populations considered; thus, the panel suggests against routine 25(OH)D testing in all populations considered. The panel judged that, in most situations, empiric vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive, feasible, acceptable to both healthy individuals and health care professionals, and has no negative effect on health equity. CONCLUSION: The panel suggests empiric vitamin D for those aged 1 to 18 years and adults over 75 years of age, those who are pregnant, and those with high-risk prediabetes. Due to the scarcity of natural food sources rich in vitamin D, empiric supplementation can be achieved through a combination of fortified foods and supplements that contain vitamin D. Based on the absence of supportive clinical trial evidence, the panel suggests against routine 25(OH)D testing in the absence of established indications. These recommendations are not meant to replace the current DRIs for vitamin D, nor do they apply to people with established indications for vitamin D treatment or 25(OH)D testing. Further research is needed to determine optimal 25(OH)D levels for specific health benefits. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. See the journal About page for additional terms. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae290 PMID: 38828931 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
7. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2024 Feb 23;25(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s40360-024-00740-y. The effect of oral supplementation of Paricalcitol on C-reactive protein levels in chronic kidney disease patients: GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trials. Arabi SM(#)(1)(2), Shahraki-Jazinaki M(#)(3), Chambari M(1), Bahrami LS(1)(3), Sabeti S(4), Gubari MIM(5), Roufogalis BD(6)(7), Sahebkar A(8)(9). Author information: (1)Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. (2)Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. (3)Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. (4)Department of food science and nutrition, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. (5)Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region of Iraq, Sulaimani, Iraq. (6)Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. (7)NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia. (8)Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. amir_saheb2000@yahoo.com. (9)Applied Biomedical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. amir_saheb2000@yahoo.com. (#)Contributed equally BACKGROUND: Previous studies investigating the effect of oral supplementation of paricalcitol on reactive protein levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients reported inconsistent findings. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we have analyzed and interpreted the results obtained from previous randomized clinical trials on the effect of paricalcitol on C-reactive protein in CKD patients in the literature. METHODS: MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus, and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science databases were searched until January 2023 and related articles were obtained through a careful screening process allowing extraction of required data from selected articles. The effect size was calculated using a random effect model and weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and I2. RESULTS: Amongst the 182 articles obtained from the initial search, 4 studies (6 arms) were finally included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis shows that C-reactive protein levels significantly decrease after oral supplementation with paricalcitol (WMD: -2.55 mg/L, 95% CI (-4.99 to -0.11; P = 0.04). The studies used in this meta-analysis showed significant heterogeneity (I2 = 66.3% and P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Oral paricalcitol supplementation in CKD patients can significantly reduce C-reactive protein levels, which may prevent CKD progression. © 2024. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00740-y PMCID: PMC10885610 PMID: 38395972 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests.
8. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jul 7;14:1202917. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202917. eCollection 2023. Efficacy and safety of high-dose intramuscular vitamin D(2) injection in type 2 diabetes mellitus with distal symmetric polyneuropathy combined with vitamin D insufficiency: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial. Chen T(1)(2), Xing X(3), Huang L(4), Tu M(2), Lai X(2), Wen S(2), Cai J(2), Lin S(5), Zheng Y(6), Lin Y(7), Xu L(7), Qiu Y(8), Qiu L(8), Xu Y(9), Wu P(1). Author information: (1)Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Fujian Province, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. (2)Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China. (3)Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. (4)Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China. (5)Department of Severe Liver Disease, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. (6)Department of Ultrasound, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China. (7)Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Longyan Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longyan, China. (8)Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Longyan Shanghang County Hospital, Longyan, China. (9)Department of Diabetes, Longyan Boai Hospital, Longyan, China. BACKGROUND: Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is the most common chronic complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DSPN may lead to more serious complications, such as diabetic foot ulcer, amputation, and reduced life expectancy. Observational studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with the development of DSPN in T2DM. However, interventional studies have found that low-dose vitamin D supplementation does not significantly improve neuropathy in DSPN. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intramuscular injection of high-dose vitamin D (HDVD) in T2DM with DSPN combined with vitamin D insufficiency. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial in four large hospitals. All eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the vitamin D2 supplement or placebo control group and injected intramuscularly monthly for 3 months. Additionally, anthropometric measurements and clinical data will be collected at baseline and 3 months. Adverse events will be collected at 1, 2, and 3 months. The primary outcome measure is the change in the mean Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) score at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. We will use the gold-standard liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to distinguish between 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 levels. The MNSN score before the intervention will be used as a covariate to compare the changes between both groups before and after the intervention, and the analysis of covariance will be used to analyze the change in the MNSI score after HDVD supplementation. DISCUSSION: Glycemic control alone does not prevent the progression of DSPN in T2DM. Some studies have suggested that vitamin D may improve DSPN; however, the exact dose, method, and duration of vitamin D supplementation are unknown. Additionally, neuropathy repair requires HDVD supplementation to sustain adequate vitamin D levels. This once-a-month intramuscular method avoids daily medication; therefore, compliance is high. This study will be the first randomized controlled trial in China to analyze the efficacy and safety of HDVD supplementation for patients with T2DM and DSPN and will provide new ideas for pharmacological research and clinical treatment of diabetic neuropathy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2200062266. Copyright © 2023 Chen, Xing, Huang, Tu, Lai, Wen, Cai, Lin, Zheng, Lin, Xu, Qiu, Qiu, Xu and Wu. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202917 PMCID: PMC10361572 PMID: 37484958 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
9. J Bone Miner Res. 2023 Sep;38(9):1312-1321. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4876. Epub 2023 Jul 17. Measurements of the Vitamin D Metabolome in the Calgary Vitamin D Study: Relationship of Vitamin D Metabolites to Bone Loss. Burt LA(1), Kaufmann M(2), Rose MS(3), Jones G(2), Billington EO(1)(4), Boyd SK(1), Hanley DA(1)(4). Author information: (1)McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. (2)Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. (3)Research Facilitation, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. (4)Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Comment in J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Mar 4;39(1):1-2. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjad012. In a 36-month randomized controlled trial examining the effect of high-dose vitamin D3 on radial and tibial total bone mineral density (TtBMD), measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative tomography (HR-pQCT), participants (311 healthy males and females aged 55-70 years with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry T-scores > -2.5 without vitamin D deficiency) were randomized to receive 400 IU (N = 109), 4000 IU (N = 100), or 10,000 IU (N = 102) daily. Participants had HR-pQCT radius and tibia scans and blood sampling at baseline, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. This secondary analysis examined the effect of vitamin D dose on plasma measurements of the vitamin D metabolome by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), exploring whether the observed decline in TtBMD was associated with changes in four key metabolites [25-(OH)D3 ; 24,25-(OH)2 D3 ; 1,25-(OH)2 D3 ; and 1,24,25-(OH)3 D3 ]. The relationship between peak values in vitamin D metabolites and changes in TtBMD over 36 months was assessed using linear regression, controlling for sex. Increasing vitamin D dose was associated with a marked increase in 25-(OH)D3 , 24,25-(OH)2 D3 and 1,24,25-(OH)3 D3 , but no dose-related change in plasma 1,25-(OH)2 D3 was observed. There was a significant negative slope for radius TtBMD and 1,24,25-(OH)3 D3 (-0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.08, -0.03, p < 0.001) after controlling for sex. A significant interaction between TtBMD and sex was seen for 25-(OH)D3 (female: -0.01, 95% CI -0.12, -0.07; male: -0.04, 95% CI -0.06, -0.01, p = 0.001) and 24,25-(OH)2 D3 (female: -0.75, 95% CI -0.98, -0.52; male: -0.35, 95% CI -0.59, -0.11, p < 0.001). For the tibia there was a significant negative slope for 25-(OH)D3 (-0.03, 95% CI -0.05, -0.01, p < 0.001), 24,25-(OH)2 D3 (-0.30, 95% CI -0.44, -0.16, p < 0.001), and 1,24,25-(OH)3 D3 (-0.03, 95% CI -0.05, -0.01, p = 0.01) after controlling for sex. These results suggest vitamin D metabolites other than 1,25-(OH)2 D3 may be responsible for the bone loss seen in the Calgary Vitamin D Study. Although plasma 1,25-(OH)2 D3 did not change with vitamin D dose, it is possible rapid catabolism to 1,24,25-(OH)3 D3 prevented the detection of a dose-related rise in plasma 1,25-(OH)2 D3 . © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4876 PMID: 37409797 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
10. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 27;1(1):CD012664. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012664.pub2. Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Méndez-Sánchez L(1)(2), Clark P(1)(2), Winzenberg TM(3), Tugwell P(4), Correa-Burrows P(5), Costello R(6). Author information: (1)Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez-Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico. (2)Cochrane Mexico UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Cochrane Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. (3)Menzies Institute for Medical Research and Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. (4)Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. (5)Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile. (6)Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Update of doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012664. BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become fragile due to low bone density and impaired bone quality. This results in fractures that lead to higher morbidity and reduced quality of life. Osteoporosis is considered a major public health concern worldwide. For this reason, preventive measurements need to be addressed throughout the life course. Exercise and a healthy diet are among the lifestyle factors that can help prevent the disease, the latter including intake of key micronutrients for bone, such as calcium and vitamin D. The evidence on whether supplementation with calcium and vitamin D improves bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women is still inconclusive. In this age group, bone accrual is considered to be the goal of supplementation, so BMD is relevant for the future stages of life. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefits and harms of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, alone or in combination, to increase the BMD, reduce fractures, and report the potential adverse events in healthy premenopausal women compared to placebo. SEARCH METHODS: We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search was 12 April 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials in healthy premenopausal women (with or without calcium or vitamin D deficiency) comparing supplementation of calcium or vitamin D (or both) at any dose and by any route of administration versus placebo for at least three months. Vitamin D could have been administered as cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) or ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods. Outcomes included total hip bone mineral density (BMD), lumbar spine BMD, quality of life, new symptomatic vertebral fractures, new symptomatic non-vertebral fractures, withdrawals due to adverse events, serious adverse events, all reported adverse events and additional withdrawals for any reason. MAIN RESULTS: We included seven RCTs with 941 participants, of whom 138 were randomised to calcium supplementation, 110 to vitamin D supplementation, 271 to vitamin D plus calcium supplementation, and 422 to placebo. Mean age ranged from 18.1 to 42.1 years. Studies reported results for total hip or lumbar spine BMD (or both) and withdrawals for various reasons, but none reported fractures or withdrawals for adverse events or serious adverse events. Results for the reported outcomes are presented for the three comparisons: calcium versus placebo, vitamin D versus placebo, and calcium plus vitamin D versus placebo. In all comparisons, there was no clinical difference in outcomes, and the certainty of the evidence was moderate to low. Most studies were at risk of selection, performance, detection, and reporting biases. Calcium versus placebo Four studies compared calcium versus placebo (138 participants in the calcium group and 123 in the placebo group) with mean ages from 18.0 to 47.3 years. Calcium supplementation may have little to no effect on total hip or lumbar spine BMD after 12 months in three studies and after six months in one study (total hip BMD: mean difference (MD) -0.04 g/cm2, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.11 to 0.03; I2 = 71%; 3 studies, 174 participants; low-certainty evidence; lumbar spine BMD: MD 0 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.06; I2 = 71%; 4 studies, 202 participants; low-certainty evidence). Calcium alone supplementation does not reduce or increase the withdrawals in the trials (risk ratio (RR) 0.78, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.16; I2 = 0%; 4 studies, 261 participants: moderate-certainty evidence). Vitamin D versus placebo Two studies compared vitamin D versus placebo (110 participants in the vitamin D group and 79 in the placebo group), with mean ages from 18.0 to 32.7 years. These studies reported lumbar spine BMD as a mixture of MDs and percent of change and we were unable to pool the results. In the original studies, there were no differences in lumbar BMD between groups. Vitamin D alone supplementation does not reduce or increase withdrawals for any reason between groups (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.19; moderate-certainty evidence). Calcium plus vitamin D versus placebo Two studies compared calcium plus vitamin D versus placebo (271 participants in the calcium plus vitamin D group and 270 in the placebo group; 220 participants from Woo 2007 and 50 participants from Islam 2010). The mean age range was 18.0 to 36 years. These studies measured different anatomic areas, one study reported total hip BMD and the other study reported lumbar spine BMD; therefore, data were not pooled for this outcome. The individual studies found no difference between groups in percent of change on total hip BMD (-0.03, 95% CI -0.06 to 0; moderate-certainty evidence), and lumbar spine BMD (MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.03; moderate-certainty evidence). Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation may not reduce or increase withdrawals for any reason (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.29 to 2.35; I2 = 72%; 2 studies, 541 participants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the isolated or combined use of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in healthy premenopausal women as a public health intervention to improve BMD in the total hip or lumbar spine, and therefore it is unlikely to have a benefit for the prevention of fractures (vertebral and non-vertebral). The evidence found suggests that there is no need for future studies in the general population of premenopausal women; however, studies focused on populations with a predisposition to diseases related to bone metabolism, or with low bone mass or osteoporosis diagnosed BMD would be useful. Copyright © 2023 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012664.pub2 PMCID: PMC9881395 PMID: 36705288 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: LM‐S: none. PC: none. TW: Australian and New Zealand Bone Mineral Society membership; editor for Cochrane Musculoskeletal; Amgen Independent Contractor – Consultant. TW was not involved in the editorial decisions concerning this review. PT: travel and accommodation for OMERACT meetings – a registered non‐profit independent medical research organisation whose goal is to improve and advance the health outcomes for people with musculoskeletal conditions. OMERACT receives unrestricted educational grants from the American College of Rheumatology, the European League of Rheumatology, and several pharmaceutical companies (listed below), which is used to support fellows, international patient groups, and major international bi‐annual conferences, which results in many peer‐reviewed publications; Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme/Sanofi, Horizon Pharma Inc, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, PPD, Quintiles, Regeneron, Savient, Takeda Pharmaceutical, UCB Group, Vertex, Forest, Bioiberica. PT is an independent committee member for clinical trial Data Safety Monitoring Boards for US Food and Drug Administration‐approved trials, being conducted by UCB Biopharma GmbH and SPRL, Parexel International, and Prehealth Sciences. He is an independent medical consultation professional services for CHEOR Solutions (Canada) Ltd, Innovative Science Solutions LLC; and an advisory committee member of the Canadian Reformulary Group Inc, a company that reviews the evidence for health insurance companies' employer drug plans. PT was not involved in the editorial decisions concerning this review. PC‐B: none. RC: National Institutes of Health Independent Contractor – Consultant.
11. Nutrients. 2022 Dec 13;14(24):5302. doi: 10.3390/nu14245302. Vitamin D Supplementation Has No Impact on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, but Improves Inflammatory Status in Vitamin D Deficient Young Men Engaged in Resistance Training. Savolainen L(1), Timpmann S(1), Mooses M(1), Medijainen L(1), Tõnutare L(1), Ross F(1), Lellsaar M(1), Piir A(2), Zilmer M(2), Unt E(3)(4)(5), Ööpik V(1). Author information: (1)Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia. (2)Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia. (3)Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia. (4)Department of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia. (5)Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 1a Puusepa St., 50406 Tartu, Estonia. Data on the effect of vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) are conflicting. A possible source of discrepancies in the literature is the heterogeneity in baseline Vit-D status among participants in previous studies. The main objectives of the present study were to assess the impact of Vit-D supplementation on VO2max and inflammatory status in Vit-D deficient young healthy men. Participants (n = 39, baseline serum Vit-D level < 50 nmol/L) were quasi-randomly assigned to one of the two groups, which, in a double-blind manner, supplemented their diet daily with either Vit-D (8000 IU; VD) or placebo (PLC) and concomitantly performed a 12-week supervised resistance training program. During the 12-week intervention, serum Vit-D concentrations increased 3.9-fold (p < 0.001) in the VD group while no changes occurred in the PLC group. Baseline VO2max did not differ in the two groups and remained unchanged during the intervention. Serum interleukin-10/tumour necrosis factor alpha ratio increased significantly (30%, p = 0.007; effect size 0.399) in VD but not in PLC group. In conclusion, 12-week Vit-D supplementation increases serum 25(OH)D levels and improves inflammatory status, but has no impact on VO2max in Vit-D deficient young men engaged in resistance training. DOI: 10.3390/nu14245302 PMCID: PMC9787541 PMID: 36558461 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
12. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 18;13:974196. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.974196. eCollection 2022. Guidance for high-dose vitamin D supplementation for prolonging the honeymoon phase in children and adolescents with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Nwosu BU(1)(2). Author information: (1)Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, United States. (2)Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States. The publication of our recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) showing that vitamin D could protect the β-cells during the honeymoon phase of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has led to calls for guidance for vitamin D supplementation during the critical phase of type 1 diabetes. Prolonging the partial clinical remission (PR) phase of TID improves glycemic control and reduces long-term complications of T1D. This RCT randomized 36 children and adolescents to either receive vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol, given as 50,000 international units per week for 2 months and then every other week for 10 months) or a placebo. The results showed that vitamin D significantly decreased the temporal rise in both hemoglobin A1c at a mean rate of changes of 0.14% every 3 months versus 0.46% every 3 months for the placebo group (p=0.044); and in the functional marker of PR, the insulin-dose adjusted A1c at a mean rate of change of 0.30% every 3 months versus 0.77% every 3 months for the placebo group, (p=0.015). We recommend a baseline estimation of 25(OH)D concentration at the time of diagnosis of T1D, and to begin vitamin D supplementation if serum 25(OH)D concentration is <30 ng/mL, to maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations between 30-60 ng/mL. If serum 25(OH)D concentration is >30 ng/mL, monitor vitamin D status with serial 25(OH)D estimations; and initiate vitamin D supplementation if serum 25(OH)D concentrations drop to <30 ng/mL. Continue vitamin D supplementation for at least one year to ensure optimal benefit from vitamin D supplementation during the partial clinical remission phase of type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2022 Nwosu. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.974196 PMCID: PMC9433871 PMID: 36060956 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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