식물 스테롤/스타놀

A network meta-analysis on the comparative effect of nutraceuticals on lipid profile in adults.

1. Pharmacol Res. 2022 Sep;183:106402. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106402. Epub 2022 Aug 18. A network meta-analysis on the comparative effect of nutraceuticals on lipid profile in adults. Osadnik T(1), Goławski M(1), Lewandowski P(1), Morze J(2), Osadnik K(1), Pawlas N(1), Lejawa M(1), Jakubiak G

Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Individuals with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

2. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 13;12(8):2436. doi: 10.3390/nu12082436. Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Individuals with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Barkas F(1)(2), Nomikos T(2), Liberopoulos E(1), Panagiotakos D(2). Author information: (1)Department of

Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia.

3. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jun 10;2014(6):CD001918. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001918.pub3. Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia. Malhotra A(1), Shafiq N, Arora A, Singh M, Kumar R, Malhotra S

Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant sterols/stanols provided in capsule and tablet formats: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis.

4. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Nov;113(11):1494-1503. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.006. Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant sterols/stanols provided in capsule and tablet formats: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Amir Shaghaghi M, Abumweis SS, Jones PJH. Plant sterols/stanols-enric

The effects of foods on LDL cholesterol levels: A systematic review of the accumulated evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

5. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 May 6;31(5):1325-1338. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.032. Epub 2021 Jan 16. The effects of foods on LDL cholesterol levels: A systematic review of the accumulated evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Schoeneck M(1

The effect of adding plant sterols or stanols to statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.

6. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Oct;28(5):517-24. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2009.10719784. The effect of adding plant sterols or stanols to statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Scholle JM(1), Baker WL, Talati R, Coleman CI. Author information: (1)University o

Cholesterol-Lowering Bioactive Foods and Nutraceuticals in Pediatrics: Clinical Evidence of Efficacy and Safety.

1. Nutrients. 2024 May 18;16(10):1526. doi: 10.3390/nu16101526. Cholesterol-Lowering Bioactive Foods and Nutraceuticals in Pediatrics: Clinical Evidence of Efficacy and Safety. Fogacci F(1), ALGhasab NS(2)(3), Di Micoli V(1), Giovannini M(1), Cicero AFG(1)(4). Author information: (1)Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy. (2)Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Ha'il University, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia. (3)Department of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary University, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. (4)Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Heart, Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy. Long-term exposure to even slightly elevated plasma cholesterol levels significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The latest evidence recommends an improvement in plasma lipid levels, even in children who are not affected by severe hypercholesterolemia. The risk-benefit profile of pharmacological treatments in pediatric patients with moderate dyslipidemia is uncertain, and several cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals have been recently tested. In this context, the available randomized clinical trials are small, short-term and mainly tested different types of fibers, plant sterols/stanols, standardized extracts of red yeast rice, polyunsaturated fatty acids, soy derivatives, and some probiotics. In children with dyslipidemia, nutraceuticals can improve lipid profile in the context of an adequate, well-balanced diet combined with regular physical activity. Of course, they should not be considered an alternative to conventional lipid-lowering drugs when necessary. DOI: 10.3390/nu16101526 PMCID: PMC11123713 PMID: 38794764 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

A Combination of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum Strains CECT7527, CECT7528, and CECT7529 Plus Monacolin K Reduces Blood Cholesterol: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

2. Nutrients. 2021 Apr 6;13(4):1206. doi: 10.3390/nu13041206. A Combination of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum Strains CECT7527, CECT7528, and CECT7529 Plus Monacolin K Reduces Blood Cholesterol: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Guerrero-Bonmatty R(1), Gil-Fernández G(2), Rodríguez-Velasco FJ(2), Espadaler-Mazo J(3). Author information: (1)Department of Nursing, Merida University Center, University of Extremadura, Av. Santa Teresa de Jornet 38, 06800 Mérida, Spain. (2)Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain. (3)AB-BIOTICS SA, ESADE Creapolis 3B011, Av. Torre Blanca 57, 08172 Barcelona, Spain. BACKGROUND: Dietary supplements have been proposed to help manage blood cholesterol, including red yeast rice (RYR) extracts, plant sterols and stanols, beta-glucans, and some probiotics. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RYR (containing 10 mg of monacolin K) combined with 109 CFU of three Lactoplantibacillus plantarum strains (CECT7527, CECT7528, and CECT7529). METHODS: A 12-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. In total, 39 adult patients were enrolled, having total cholesterol (TC) ≥200 mg/dL, and being statin-naïve or having recently stopped statin treatment because of intolerance. Active product or placebo were taken once daily, and subjects were evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Study groups were comparable at baseline, except for history of recent hypercholesterolemia treatment (81% in active vs. 22% in placebo). Changes in LDL cholesterol and TC became significant compared to placebo (mean difference between groups and standard error of the mean = 23.6 ± 1.5 mg/dL, p = 0.023 and 31.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL, p = 0.011, respectively) upon adjusting for the baseline imbalance in hypercholesterolemia treatment. No adverse effects were noted during the study. CONCLUSION: This combination of 10 mg of monacolin K and L. plantarum strains was well tolerated and achieved a statistically significant greater reduction in LDL-C and TC in the intervention group compared to the placebo, once adjusting for recent history of hypercholesterolemia treatment. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041206 PMCID: PMC8067491 PMID: 33917503 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: J.E.-M. is a full-time employee of AB-BIOTICS SA, the company manufacturing the nutraceutical product used in this study. All other authors (R.G.-B., G.G.-F., F.J.R.-V.) report no conflicts of interest.

Effects on oral fat load of a nutraceutical combination of fermented red rice, sterol esters and stanols, curcumin, and olive polyphenols: A randomized, placebo controlled trial.

3. Phytomedicine. 2018 Mar 15;42:75-82. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.014. Epub 2018 Jan 31. Effects on oral fat load of a nutraceutical combination of fermented red rice, sterol esters and stanols, curcumin, and olive polyphenols: A randomized, placebo controlled trial. Derosa G(1), Catena G(2), Raddino R(3), Gaudio G(4), Maggi A(3), D'Angelo A(5), Maffioli P(6). Author information: (1)Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.derosa@unipv.it. (2)Cardiologic Unit, ASL of Teramo, Teramo, Italy. (3)Cardiology Department, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. (4)Internal Medicine Division, Ospedale Angelo Bellini, Somma Lombardo, Varese, Italy. (5)Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. (6)Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. BACKGROUND: In literature, there are several studies about the effects of nutraceutical combinations at fasting, but data in post-prandial phase are lacking. PURPOSE: We planned a study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a nutraceutical agent containing fermented red rice, phytosterols and olive polyphenols compared to placebo in a sample of Caucasian patients with low cardiovascular risk, both at fasting and after an oral fat load. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty patients were randomized to receive, as addition to diet and physical activity, a nutraceutical combination containing fermented red rice, sterol esters and stanols, curcumin, and olive polyphenols or placebo (control group), once a day. METHODS: We evaluated at baseline, and after 3 months: body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and soluble endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1. We evaluated these parameters both at fasting, and after an oral fat load. RESULTS: Nutraceutical combination gave a reduction of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, both compared to baseline (p < 0.05 for all), and to placebo (p < 0.05 for all). We recorded a reduction of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and sE-selectin in the group treated with nutraceutical combination, both compared to baseline (p < 0.05 for all), and to placebo (p < 0.05 for all). Parameters recorded during oral fat load improved compared to the oral fat load performed at baseline with the nutraceutical combination. CONCLUSIONS: The nutraceutical combination of fermented red rice, sterol esters and stanols, curcumin, and olive polyphenols seems to be effective in improving lipid profile and markers of endothelial damage in dyslipidemic patients in primary prevention at low risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The true novelty of this study, however, is the improvement of endothelial damage after an oral fat load compared to placebo. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.014 PMID: 29655700 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Interindividual variability in the cholesterol-lowering effect of supplementation with plant sterols or stanols.

4. Nutr Rev. 2017 Feb 1;75(2):134-145. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw059. Interindividual variability in the cholesterol-lowering effect of supplementation with plant sterols or stanols. Fumeron F(1), Bard JM(1), Lecerf JM(1). Author information: (1)INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; UPMC Université Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Université de Nantes (EA 2160), Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral (IUML) FR3473, CNRS et CRNH (Centre de recherche en Nutrition Humaine), Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France. Service de Nutrition, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plays a causal role in atherosclerosis. One way to reduce LDL-C levels is to inhibit cholesterol absorption. Plant sterols and stanols compete with cholesterol for absorption in the intestine and induce an average decrease in LDL-C by 5% to 15% in a dose-dependent manner, but not in all individuals. This review focuses on the interindividual variability in response to dietary supplementation with plant sterols and stanols. Dietary plant sterols and stanols have no significant effects on LDL-C in substantial numbers of individuals. Higher responses, in absolute value and percentage of LDL-C, are observed in individuals with higher cholesterol absorption and a lower rate of cholesterol synthesis. Some data provide evidence of the influence of genetics on the response to plant sterols and stanols. Further studies in large populations are required to extend these conclusions about genetic influences. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw059 PMID: 28158760 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Regulatory Aspects Related to Plant Sterol and Stanol Supplemented Foods.

5. J AOAC Int. 2015 May-Jun;98(3):750-756. doi: 10.5740/jaoacint.SGEZawistowski. Epub 2015 May 4. Regulatory Aspects Related to Plant Sterol and Stanol Supplemented Foods. Zawistowski J(1), Jones P. Author information: (1)University of British Columbia, Food, Nutrition and Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada. This chapter reviews regulatory frameworks for plant sterol containing functional foods in various jurisdictions including Europe, North America, South America, Asia and, Australia/New Zealand. Included is a discussion on approval of plant sterols as novel food ingredients in some countries, as well as details on the type of health claims permitted in the marketing and sale of foods enriched with plant sterols within each jurisdiction. Based on the abundance of clinical trial data, many countries around the world have now approved the use of claims relating the cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols, further attesting to their value as functional food ingredients. DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.SGEZawistowski PMID: 25942758 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Inter-individual Variability in Response to Plant Sterol and Stanol Consumption.

6. J AOAC Int. 2015 May-Jun;98(3):724-728. doi: 10.5740/jaoacint.SGEJones. Epub 2015 May 4. Inter-individual Variability in Response to Plant Sterol and Stanol Consumption. Jones PJH(1). Author information: (1)University of Manitoba, Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Despite the abundance of clinical trial data demonstrating the cholesterol-lowering action of plant sterol supplementation, substantial variability in efficacy exists in responsiveness across individuals. The goal of this review is to examine factors responsible for this heterogeneity in responsiveness of blood cholesterol levels to dietary plant sterols. Although initially thought to be due to random noise in the data, demonstrated consistency in degree of responsiveness in the context of controlled feeding designs from person to person suggests that other systematic drivers are responsible. Genetic explanations explaining this phenomenon appear to be gaining momentum. Particularly, single nucleotide polymorphisms within the genes coding for CYP7A1 and ApoE, as well as possibly other genes including ABCG5 and ABCG8, exist as predictors of whether LDL-C levels will decrease or even increase subsequent to plant sterol administration. In summary, nutrigenetic differences across genes associated with cholesterol trafficking pathways may be important in predicting how well any given individual will respond to dietary interventions. It is anticipated that eventually genetic tests will be developed that can guide health care professionals to optimize dietary strategies for health optimization. DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.SGEJones PMID: 25942064 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Lipid profile and non-cholesterol sterols in obese women's serum after supplementing with plant stanol ester.

7. Forsch Komplementmed. 2014;21(3):178-83. doi: 10.1159/000357464. Epub 2014 Jun 16. Lipid profile and non-cholesterol sterols in obese women's serum after supplementing with plant stanol ester. Stelmach-Mardas M(1), Walkowiak J, Zagrodzki P, Grygiel-Górniak B, Przysławski J. Author information: (1)Department of Bromatology and Human Nutrition, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of increased plant stanol ester intake on lipid profile and serum ratio of non-cholesterol sterols to cholesterol in obese women (50 years of age) with dyslipidemia. METHODS: 90 females were assigned into 2 treatment groups: For a period of 4 weeks, group 1 was receiving a yoghurt, enriched with 2 g of plant stanol ester (PS group), and group 2 was receiving a yoghurt drink without extra stanols. Anthropometric measurements included body height and weight. Lipid profile was determined by commercially available enzymatic methods. Serum non-cholesterol sterols and stanols concentrations were quantitated by gas chromatography. The study was single-blind and placebo-controlled. RESULTS: The yoghurt drink enriched with plant stanol ester significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol levels (p < 0.05). No changes were observed in HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. The highest drop of LDL cholesterol was noted in the upper quartile of total cholesterol concentrations. In the PS group the statistically significant (p < 0.0001) changes were also observed in serum ratios of non-cholesterol sterols to cholesterol: campesterol, sitosterol, sitostanol, and avenasterol. CONCLUSION: Plant stanol esters influence the concentration of total cholesterol, particularly LDL cholesterol. This effect seems to be related to the reduced dietary cholesterol absorption. © 2014 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg. DOI: 10.1159/000357464 PMID: 25060157 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols and stanols across different dose ranges: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies.

8. Br J Nutr. 2014 Jul 28;112(2):214-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514000750. Epub 2014 Apr 29. LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols and stanols across different dose ranges: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies. Ras RT(1), Geleijnse JM(2), Trautwein EA(1). Author information: (1)Unilever R&D Vlaardingen,Olivier van Noortlaan 120, PO Box 114,3130 ACVlaardingen,The Netherlands. (2)Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University,Bomenweg 2,6703 HDWageningen,The Netherlands. Phytosterols (PS, comprising plant sterols and plant stanols) have been proven to lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations. The dose-response relationship for this effect has been evaluated in several meta-analyses by calculating averages for different dose ranges or by applying continuous dose-response functions. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. So far, the calculation of averages for different dose ranges has not been done for plant sterols and stanols separately. The objective of the present meta-analysis was to investigate the combined and separate effects of plant sterols and stanols when classified into different dose ranges. Studies were searched and selected based on predefined criteria. Relevant data were extracted. Average LDL-cholesterol effects were calculated when studies were categorised by dose, according to random-effects models while using the variance as weighing factor. This was done for plant sterols and stanols combined and separately. In total, 124 studies (201 strata) were included. Plant sterols and stanols were administered in 129 and fifty-nine strata, respectively; the remaining used a mix of both. The average PS dose was 2.1 (range 0.2-9.0) g/d. PS intakes of 0.6-3.3 g/d were found to gradually reduce LDL-cholesterol concentrations by, on average, 6-12%. When plant sterols and stanols were analysed separately, clear and comparable dose-response relationships were observed. Studies carried out with PS doses exceeding 4 g/d were not pooled, as these were scarce and scattered across a wide range of doses. In conclusion, the LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of both plant sterols and stanols continues to increase up to intakes of approximately 3 g/d to an average effect of 12%. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514000750 PMCID: PMC4071994 PMID: 24780090 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

A softgel dietary supplement containing esterified plant sterols and stanols improves the blood lipid profile of adults with primary hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled replication study.

9. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014 Feb;114(2):244-249. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.09.023. Epub 2013 Nov 26. A softgel dietary supplement containing esterified plant sterols and stanols improves the blood lipid profile of adults with primary hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled replication study. McKenney JM, Jenks BH, Shneyvas E, Brooks JR, Shenoy SF, Cook CM, Maki KC. A well-controlled clinical trial previously demonstrated the efficacy of a novel softgel dietary supplement providing 1.8 g/day esterified plant sterols and stanols, as part of the National Cholesterol Education Program Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet, to improve the fasting lipid profile of men and women with primary hypercholesterolemia (fasting low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol ≥ 130 and <220 mg/dL [≥ 3.37 and <5.70 mmol/L]). The purpose of this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study (conducted July 2011 to January 2012) was to support these previous findings in a similar, but independent, sample with a different lead investigator and research site. Repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to compare outcomes for sterol/stanol and placebo treatment conditions using the baseline value as a covariate. Forty-nine subjects were screened and 30 (8 men and 22 women) were randomized to treatment (all completed the trial). Baseline (mean ± standard error of the mean) plasma lipid concentrations were: total cholesterol 236.6 ± 4.2 mg/dL (6.11 ± 0.11 mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 56.8 ± 3.0 mg/dL (1.47 ± 0.08 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol 151.6 ± 3.3 mg/dL (3.92 ± 0.09 mmol/L), non-HDL cholesterol 179.7 ± 4.6 mg/dL (4.64 ± 0.12 mmol/L), and triglycerides 144.5 ± 14.3 mg/dL (1.63 ± 0.16 mmol/L). Mean placebo-adjusted reductions in plasma lipid levels were significant (P<0.01) for LDL cholesterol (-4.3%), non-HDL cholesterol (-4.1%), and total cholesterol (-3.5%), but not for triglycerides or HDL cholesterol. These results support the efficacy of 1.8 g/day esterified plant sterols/stanols in softgel capsules, administered as an adjunct to the National Cholesterol Education Program Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet, to augment reductions in atherogenic lipid levels in individuals with hypercholesterolemia. Copyright © 2014 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.09.023 PMID: 24287284 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The cholesterol lowering efficacy of plant stanol ester yoghurt in a Turkish population: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

10. Lipids Health Dis. 2013 Jun 20;12:91. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-12-91. The cholesterol lowering efficacy of plant stanol ester yoghurt in a Turkish population: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Buyuktuncer Z, Fisunoğlu M, Guven GS, Unal S, Besler HT. BACKGROUND: We evaluated the cholesterol lowering efficacy of low-fat spoonable yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters on plasma lipid profiles of Turkish subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. METHODS: Using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design, intervention (n = 35) and control (n = 35) groups consumed either 115 g low-fat yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters or placebo yoghurt, respectively, for 4 weeks. Seventy subjects with untreated mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia (aged 23-65 years) were recruited. Changes in the lipid profile, including lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides, and anthropometric measurements were monitored at screening, baseline, and at the end of the second, third, and fourth weeks of intervention. The general linear model repeated measures procedure was used to test differences in the repeated continuous variables between study groups. RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol (4.6%), LDL cholesterol (6.3%), and non-HDL cholesterol (6.2%) concentrations were reduced significantly from baseline in the plant stanol group compared to the control group (p = 0.007, p = 0.005 and p = 0.005, respectively). A variation in the response of serum total and LDL cholesterol between the subjects in plant stanol group was obtained. No clinically significant change in anthropometrical measurements was observed during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The spoonable low-fat yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters lowered total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol levels in Turkish subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Nevertheless variation in baseline cholesterol levels, genetic predisposition of the subjects and compliance may contribute to a large individual variability. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-12-91 PMCID: PMC3695842 PMID: 23786762 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Phytosterol supplementation does not affect plasma antioxidant capacity in patients with metabolic syndrome.

11. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013 Feb;64(1):21-7. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2012.706597. Epub 2012 Jul 20. Phytosterol supplementation does not affect plasma antioxidant capacity in patients with metabolic syndrome. Sialvera TE(1), Koutelidakis AE, Richter DJ, Yfanti G, Kapsokefalou M, Micha R, Goumas G, Diamantopoulos E, Zampelas A. Author information: (1)Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Several studies have observed decreased levels of lipophilic antioxidants after supplementation with phytosterols and stanols. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of phytosterol supplementation on plasma total antioxidant capacity in patients with metabolic syndrome. In a parallel arm, randomized placebo-controlled design, 108 patients with metabolic syndrome were assigned to consume yogurt beverage which provided 4 g of phytosterols per day or yogurt beverage without phytosterols. The duration of the study was 2 months and the patients in both groups followed their habitual westernized type diet. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and after 2 months, and the total antioxidant capacity of plasma was measured using the ferric reducing antioxidant power of plasma and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. After 2 months of intervention, plasma total antioxidant capacity did not differ between and within the intervention and the control groups. Phytosterol supplementation does not affect plasma antioxidant status. DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.706597 PMID: 22816679 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Lipid effects of a dietary supplement softgel capsule containing plant sterols/stanols in primary hypercholesterolemia.

12. Nutrition. 2013 Jan;29(1):96-100. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.05.002. Epub 2012 Jul 15. Lipid effects of a dietary supplement softgel capsule containing plant sterols/stanols in primary hypercholesterolemia. Maki KC(1), Lawless AL, Reeves MS, Kelley KM, Dicklin MR, Jenks BH, Shneyvas E, Brooks JR. Author information: (1)Biofortis Clinical Research, Addison, Illinois, USA. KMaki@mxns.com OBJECTIVE: This randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial assessed the lipid-altering efficacy of a softgel capsule dietary supplement, providing esterified plant sterols/stanols 1.8 g/d, in 28 participants (≈ 75% women) with primary hypercholesterolemia (fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] levels ≥ 130 and <220 mg/dL), a mean age of 58.4 y, and a mean body mass index of 27.9 kg/m(2). METHODS: After a 5-wk National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet and a single-blinded placebo lead-in, subjects received double-blinded placebo or sterol/stanol softgel capsules for 6 wk and then crossed over to the opposite product for 6 wk while continuing the TLC diet. Fasting lipids were assessed in duplicate at the end of the diet lead-in (baseline) and the end of each treatment. RESULTS: The mean baseline lipid concentrations (milligrams per deciliter) were 223 for total cholesterol (TC), 179 for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), 154 for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 44 for HDL-C, 125 for triacylglycerols, and 5.2 for TC/HDL-C. Differences from the control responses (plant sterol/stanol minus control) in the per-protocol sample were significant (P < 0.05) for LDL-C (-9.2%), non-HDL-C (-9.0%), TC (-7.4%), TC/HDL-C (-5.4%), and triacylglycerols (-9.1%). The HDL-C responses were not significantly different between treatments. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of softgel capsules providing esterified plant sterols/stanols 1.8 g/d into the NCEP TLC diet produced favorable changes in atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol levels in these subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.05.002 PMID: 22796122 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Lipid-altering effects of a dietary supplement tablet containing free plant sterols and stanols in men and women with primary hypercholesterolaemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial.

13. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2012 Jun;63(4):476-82. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2011.636345. Epub 2011 Nov 17. Lipid-altering effects of a dietary supplement tablet containing free plant sterols and stanols in men and women with primary hypercholesterolaemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Maki KC(1), Lawless AL, Reeves MS, Dicklin MR, Jenks BH, Shneyvas E, Brooks JR. Author information: (1)Provident Clinical Research/Biofortis North America, 489 Taft Avenue, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA. kmaki@providentcrc.com This randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial assessed the lipid-altering efficacy of a dietary supplement (tablet form) providing 1.8 g/day free (non-esterified) plant sterols and stanols versus placebo for 6 weeks as part of a therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet in 32 men and women with primary hypercholesterolaemia. Mean ± SE baseline (end of a 5-week TLC diet lead-in) lipid concentrations (mmol/l) were total cholesterol (TC), 5.88 ± 0.08; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), 4.71 ± 0.09; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 4.02 ± 0.08; HDL-C, 1.17 ± 0.06 and triglycerides (TGs), 1.51 ± 0.12. Differences from control in responses (plant sterol/stanol - control) were significant (p < 0.05) for LDL-C ( - 4.9%), non-HDL-C ( - 3.6%) and TC ( - 2.8%). HDL-C and TG responses were not significantly different between treatment conditions. These results indicate that 1.8 g/day free plant sterols/stanols administered in a tablet produced favourable lipoprotein lipid changes in men and women with hypercholesterolaemia. DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.636345 PMCID: PMC3399633 PMID: 22087585 [Indexed for MEDLINE]