피크 ATP

Acute Effect of Oral Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Supplementation on Muscular Performance in Trained Adults.

1. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2024 Jul;43(5):412-420. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2301400. Epub 2024 Jan 9. Acute Effect of Oral Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Supplementation on Muscular Performance in Trained Adults. Fambrini DL(1), Campos Neto EL(1), Ferreira Dos Santos C(1). Author information: (1)Cente

Effects of Ubiquinol and/or D-ribose in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

1. Am J Cardiol. 2022 Aug 1;176:79-88. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.04.031. Epub 2022 May 27. Effects of Ubiquinol and/or D-ribose in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Pierce JD(1), Shen Q(2), Mahoney DE(2), Rahman F(3), Krueger KJ(2), Diaz FJ(4), Clark L(4), Smith C(2), Vacek J(5), Hiebert JB(2). Author information: (1)University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing, Kansas City, Kansas. Electronic address: jpierce@kumc.edu. (2)University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing, Kansas City, Kansas. (3)University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, Kansas. (4)Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas. (5)University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas. Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have few pharmacologic therapies, and it is not known if supplementing with ubiquinol and/or d-ribose could improve outcomes. The overall objective of this study was to determine if ubiquinol and/or d-ribose would reduce the symptoms and improve cardiac performance in patients with HFpEF. This was a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 216 patients with HFpEF who were ≥ 50 years old with a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 50%. A total of 4 study groups received various supplements over 12 weeks: Group 1 received placebo ubiquinol capsules and d-ribose powder, Group 2 received ubiquinol capsules (600 mg/d) and placebo d-ribose powder, Group 3 received placebo ubiquinol capsules with d-ribose powder (15 g/d), and Group 4 received ubiquinol capsules and d-ribose powder. There were 7 outcome measures for this study: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) clinical summary score, level of vigor using a subscale from the Profile of Mood States, EF, the ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (septal E/e' ratio), B-type natriuretic peptides, lactate/adenosine triphosphate ratio, and the 6-minute walk test. Treatment with ubiquinol and/or d-ribose significantly improved the KCCQ clinical summary score (17.30 to 25.82 points), vigor score (7.65 to 8.15 points), and EF (7.08% to 8.03%) and reduced B-type natriuretic peptides (-72.02 to -47.51) and lactate/adenosine triphosphate ratio (-4.32 to -3.35 × 10-4). There were no significant increases in the septal E/e' or the 6-minute walk test. In conclusion, ubiquinol and d-ribose reduced the symptoms of HFpEF and increased the EF. These findings support the use of these supplements in addition to standard therapeutic treatments for patients with HFpEF. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.04.031 PMCID: PMC9576187 PMID: 35644694 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Disclosures The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Effects of Oral Creatine Supplementation on Power Output during Repeated Treadmill Sprinting.

2. Nutrients. 2022 Mar 8;14(6):1140. doi: 10.3390/nu14061140. Effects of Oral Creatine Supplementation on Power Output during Repeated Treadmill Sprinting. Bogdanis GC(1), Nevill ME(2), Aphamis G(3), Stavrinou PS(3), Jenkins DG(4)(5), Giannaki CD(3), Lakomy HKA(6), Williams C(6). Author information: (1)School of P.E. and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece. (2)Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK. (3)Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus. (4)School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. (5)School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia. (6)School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation on power output during repeated sprints on a non-motorized treadmill. Sixteen recreationally active males volunteered for this study (age 25.5 ± 4.8 y, height 179 ± 5 cm, body mass 74.8 ± 6.8 kg). All participants received placebo supplementation (75 mg of glucose·kg-1·day-1) for 5 days and then performed a baseline repeated sprints test (6 × 10 s sprints on a non-motorised treadmill). Thereafter, they were randomly assigned into a Cr (75 mg of Cr monohydrate·kg-1·day-1) or placebo supplementation, as above, and the repeated sprints test was repeated. After Cr supplementation, body mass was increased by 0.99 ± 0.83 kg (p = 0.007), peak power output and peak running speed remained unchanged throughout the test in both groups, while the mean power output and mean running speed during the last 5 s of the sprints increased by 4.5% (p = 0.005) and 4.2% to 7.0%, respectively, during the last three sprints (p = 0.005 to 0.001). The reduction in speed within each sprint was also blunted by 16.2% (p = 0.003) following Cr supplementation. Plasma ammonia decreased by 20.1% (p = 0.037) after Cr supplementation, despite the increase in performance. VO2 and blood lactate during the repeated sprints test remained unchanged after supplementation, suggesting no alteration of aerobic or glycolytic contribution to adenosine triphosphate production. In conclusion, Cr supplementation improved the mean power and speed in the second half of a repeated sprint running protocol, despite the increased body mass. This improvement was due to the higher power output and running speed in the last 5 s of each 10 s sprint. DOI: 10.3390/nu14061140 PMCID: PMC8950892 PMID: 35334797 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Effects of sodium pyruvate supplementation on repeated sprint exercise performance and recovery in male college soccer players: a randomized controlled trial.

3. Ann Palliat Med. 2022 Feb;11(2):598-610. doi: 10.21037/apm-21-3862. Effects of sodium pyruvate supplementation on repeated sprint exercise performance and recovery in male college soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. Yang YP(1), Qiu JQ(1), Wang MY(1), Feng L(1), Luo D(1), Gao RR(1), Zhou FQ(2), Che KX(1). Author information: (1)Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China. (2)Division of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Shanghai Sandai Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China. BACKGROUND: Sodium pyruvate (PYR) has been reported to improve aerobic metabolism and attenuate metabolic acidosis. Aerobic capacity and the ability to remove hydrogen ions affect the recovery from repeated high intensity activities. However, the effects of PYR supplementation on repeated sprint exercise (RSE) performance have not been elucidated. This study explored the effects of PYR ingestion on RSE ability and recovery. METHODS: A total of 14 male soccer athletes (aged 20±2 years) participated in this double-blinded crossover study. The subjects completed two experimental sessions after randomized ingestion of either PYR or the maltodextrin placebo (PLA) for 1 week. At each session, participants completed high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and RSE 60 minutes after supplementation. Additionally, acid-base parameters in venous blood, energy system contributions, and power output were assessed. RESULTS: Compared to PLA, PYR supplementation significantly increased the relative peak power output (PPO) of the first (P=0.034) and fifth (P=0.043) sprints, and the relative mean power output (MPO) of the fifth sprint (P=0.026). In addition, the mean PPO (P=0.031) and MPO (P=0.033) of sprints 1-6 were significantly elevated after PYR supplementation. After PYR administration, the phosphagen energy system [adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-phosphocreatine (PCr)] resynthesis of the fourth (P=0.034) and the overall recovery periods during HIIE (P=0.029) were higher than PLA administration. Additionally, the ATP-PCr resynthesis of the first (P=0.033) and fifth (P=0.019) recovery periods, and the mean of the six recovery periods during RSE (P=0.041) were increased in the PYR group compared to the PLA group. Furthermore, participants on the PYR regimen had higher blood pH, HCO3-, and base excess at pre-HIIE, post-HIIE, and pre-RSE (all P<0.05) compared to participants receiving PLA. CONCLUSIONS: PYR supplementation enhanced RSE performance, and the improvement may be attributed to accelerated restoration of the acid-base balance and ATP-PCr regeneration. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100053936. DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-3862 PMID: 35249338 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Creatine electrolyte supplement improves anaerobic power and strength: a randomized double-blind control study.

4. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019 May 24;16(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12970-019-0291-x. Creatine electrolyte supplement improves anaerobic power and strength: a randomized double-blind control study. Hummer E(1), Suprak DN(2), Buddhadev HH(2), Brilla L(3), San Juan JG(2). Author information: (1)The University of Tennessee, 1914 Andy Holt Ave, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. (2)Western Washington University, 516 High St, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9067, USA. (3)Western Washington University, 516 High St, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9067, USA. Lorrie.Brilla@wwu.edu. BACKGROUND: Creatine supplementation aids the Phosphagen system by increasing the amount of free creatine and phosphocreatine available to replenish adenosine triphosphate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a creatine and electrolyte formulated multi-ingredient performance supplement (MIPS) on strength and power performance compared to a placebo. Maximal strength along with total concentric work, mean rate of force development (mRFD), mean power, peak power, and peak force for both bench press and back squat were determined at pre-test and post-test separated by 6 weeks of supplementation. METHODS: Twenty-two subjects (6 females, 21 ± 2 yrs., 72.46 ± 11.18 kg, 1.72 ± 0.09 m) performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) for back squat and bench press. Eighty percent of the subject's pre-test 1RM was used for a maximal repetition test to assess performance variables. Testing was separated by 6 weeks of supplementation of a MIPS dose per day in a double-blind fashion for comparison. A two-way mixed analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied with an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: For their back squat 1RM, the MIPS group displayed significant increase of 13.4% (95% CI: 2.77, 23.8%) while placebo displayed a decrease of - 0.2% (95% CI: - 1.46, 2.87%) (p = 0.047, ηp2 = 0.201). The MIPS displayed a significant increase of 5.9% (95% CI: 2.5, 10.1%) and placebo displayed a non-significant increase of 0.7% (95% CI: - 3.49, 3.9%) in bench press maximal strength (p = 0.033,0.217). The MIPS group displayed a significant increase as well in total concentric work (26.5, 95% CI: 6.07, 46.87%, p = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.330) and mean power (17.9, 95% CI: 3.42, 32.46%, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.402) for the maximal repetition bench press test at 80% of their 1RM. CONCLUSIONS: The MIPS was found to be beneficial to recreationally trained individuals compared to a placebo. The greatest benefits are seen in bench press and back squat maximal strength as well as multiple repetition tests to fatigue during the bench press exercise. DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0291-x PMCID: PMC6534934 PMID: 31126306 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

The influence of D-ribose ingestion and fitness level on performance and recovery.

5. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017 Dec 20;14:47. doi: 10.1186/s12970-017-0205-8. eCollection 2017. The influence of D-ribose ingestion and fitness level on performance and recovery. Seifert JG(1)(2), Brumet A(1)(3), St Cyr JA(4). Author information: (1)Movement Science Laboratory, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT USA. (2)Health and Human Performance, 103E Romney Gym, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. (3)Dept HHD, MSU, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. (4)Jacqmar, Inc, Minneapolis, MN USA. BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels are severely depleted during and following prolonged high intensity exercise. Recovery from these lower ATP levels can take days, which can affect performance on subsequent days of exercise. Untrained individuals often suffer the stress and consequences of acute, repeated bouts of exercise by not having the ability to perform or recovery sufficiently to exercise on subsequent days. Conversely, trained individuals may be able to recover more quickly due to their enhanced metabolic systems. D-Ribose (DR) has been shown to enhance the recovery in ATP; however, it is not known if recovery and performance can be benefitted with DR ingestion. Therefore, this study was designed to determine what influence DR might have on muscular performance, recovery, and metabolism during and following a multi-day exercise regimen. METHODS: The study was a double blind, crossover study in 26 healthy subjects compared 10 g/day of DR to 10 g/day of dextrose (DEX, control). All subjects completed 2 days of loading with either DR or DEX, followed by 3 additional days of supplementation and during these 3 days of supplementation, each subject underwent 60 min of high intensity interval exercise in separate daily sessions, which involved cycling (8 min of exercise at 60% and 2 min at 80% VO2max), followed by a 2 min power output (PO) test. Subjects were divided into two groups based on peak VO2 results, lower VO2 (LVO2) and higher peak VO2 (HVO2). RESULTS: Mean and peak PO increased significantly from day 1 to day 3 for the DR trial compared to DEX in the LVO2 group. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and creatine kinase (CK) were significantly lower for DR than DEX in the LVO2 group. No differences in PO, RPE, heart rate, CK, blood urea nitrogen, or glucose were found between either supplement for the HVO2 group. CONCLUSION: DR supplementation in the lower VO2 max group resulted in maintenance in exercise performance, as well as lower levels of RPE and CK. Unlike no observed benefits with DEX supplementation. DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0205-8 PMCID: PMC5738882 PMID: 29296106 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The Montana State University Institutional Review Board approved this project prior to data collection. All subjects provided informed consent prior to participation.Not applicableThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Ancient peat and apple extracts supplementation may improve strength and power adaptations in resistance trained men.

6. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jul 18;16:224. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1222-x. Ancient peat and apple extracts supplementation may improve strength and power adaptations in resistance trained men. Joy JM(1), Vogel RM(2), Moon JR(3), Falcone PH(4), Mosman MM(5), Pietrzkowski Z(6), Reyes T(6), Kim MP(4)(7). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Old Main Building 307, PO Box 425888, Denton, TX, 76204-5888, USA. jmjoyx@gmail.com. (2)Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Old Main Building 307, PO Box 425888, Denton, TX, 76204-5888, USA. (3)School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV, USA. (4)MusclePharm Sports Science Institute, MusclePharm Corp., Denver, CO, USA. (5)Maximum Mobile Fitness, Spearfish, SD, USA. (6)FutureCeuticals Inc., Irvine, CA, USA. (7)Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA. BACKGROUND: Increased cellular ATP levels have the potential to enhance athletic performance. A proprietary blend of ancient peat and apple extracts has been supposed to increase ATP production. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of this supplement on athletic performance when used during 12 weeks of supervised, periodized resistance training. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy, resistance-trained, male subjects completed this study. Subjects supplemented once daily with either 1 serving (150 mg) of a proprietary blend of ancient peat and apple extract (TRT) or an equal-volume, visually-identical placebo (PLA) daily. Supervised resistance training consisted of 8 weeks of daily undulating periodized training followed by a 2 week overreach and a 2 week taper phase. Strength was determined using 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) testing in the barbell back squat, bench press (BP), and deadlift exercises. Peak power and peak velocity were determined during BP at 30 % 1RM and vertical jump tests as well as a 30s Wingate test, which also provided relative power (watt:mass) RESULTS: A group x time interaction was present for squat 1RM, deadlift 1RM, and vertical jump peak power and peak velocity. Squat and deadlift 1RM increased in TRT versus PLA from pre to post. Vertical jump peak velocity increased in TRT versus PLA from pre to week 10 as did vertical jump peak power, which also increased from pre to post. Wingate peak power and watt:mass tended to favor TRT. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementing with ancient peat and apple extract while participating in periodized resistance training may enhance performance adaptations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov registration ID: NCT02819219 , retrospectively registered on 6/29/2016. DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1222-x PMCID: PMC4950767 PMID: 27430755 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Capsaicin and evodiamine ingestion does not augment energy expenditure and fat oxidation at rest or after moderately-intense exercise.

7. Nutr Res. 2013 Dec;33(12):1034-42. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.08.007. Epub 2013 Sep 24. Capsaicin and evodiamine ingestion does not augment energy expenditure and fat oxidation at rest or after moderately-intense exercise. Schwarz NA(1), Spillane M, La Bounty P, Grandjean PW, Leutholtz B, Willoughby DS. Author information: (1)Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Box 97313, Waco, TX 76798, USA. Capsaicin and evodiamine are 2 thermogenic agents recognized for their ability to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. We hypothesized that both capsaicin and evodiamine would be effective at increasing thermogenesis and lipid oxidation during rest and exercise. In a randomized, cross-over design, 11 men ingested 500 mg of cayenne pepper (1.25 mg capsaicin), 500 mg evodiamine, or placebo at rest following 30 minutes of energy expenditure assessment using open-circuit spirometry. Energy expenditure was assessed again prior to commencing approximately 30 minutes of treadmill exercise at 65% peak oxygen consumption. Energy expenditure was assessed for another 30 minutes of the post-exercise period. Heart rate, blood pressure, core temperature, and venous blood samples were obtained 30 minutes before supplement ingestion, 1 hour after supplement ingestion, immediately post-exercise, and 45 minutes post-exercise. Serum markers of lipid oxidation (glycerol, free fatty acids, glucose, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) were determined spectrophotometrically with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two-way analyses of variance with repeated measures were performed for each dependent variable (P ≤ .05) with Supplement and Test as main effects. Statistical analyses revealed significant main effects for Test for hemodynamics, energy expenditure, serum catecholamines, and markers of fat oxidation immediately post-exercise (P < .05). No significant interactions between Supplement and Test were noted for any criterion variable (P > .05). These results suggest that acute ingestion of 500 mg of cayenne (1.25 mg capsaicin) or evodiamine is not effective at inducing thermogenesis and increasing fat oxidation at rest or during exercise in men. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.08.007 PMID: 24267043 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Effects of ribose as an ergogenic aid.

8. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug;20(3):519-22. doi: 10.1519/17355.1. Effects of ribose as an ergogenic aid. Peveler WW(1), Bishop PA, Whitehorn EJ. Author information: (1)Department of Health and Kinesiology, Mississippi University for Women, Columbus, MS 39701, USA. wpeveler@muw.edu The amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stored in the muscle available for immediate use is limited, and once used, must be resynthesized in the muscle. Ribose, a naturally occurring pentose sugar, helps resynthesize ATP for use in muscles. There have been claims that ribose supplements increase ATP levels and improve performance. Other studies have provided mixed results on the effectiveness of ribose as an ergogenic aid at high doses. None of these studies have compared the impact of the recommended dose of ribose on athletes and nonathletes under exercise conditions that are most conducive for effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ribose as an ergogenic aid at the dose recommended for supplements currently on the market during an exercise trial to maximize its efficacy. Male subjects (n = 11) performed 2 trials 1 week apart. Each trial consisted of three 30-second Wingate tests with a 2-minute recovery between each test. Trials were counterbalanced, with 1 trial being performed with 625 mg of ribose and the other with a placebo. Peak power, mean power, and percent decrease in power were recorded during each Wingate test. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (p > 0.05) found no significant differences between ribose and placebo. These results suggest that ribose had no effect on performance when taken orally, at the dose suggested by the distributor. DOI: 10.1519/17355.1 PMID: 16937963 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Statin cardiomyopathy? A potential role for Co-Enzyme Q10 therapy for statin-induced changes in diastolic LV performance: description of a clinical protocol.

9. Biofactors. 2003;18(1-4):125-7. doi: 10.1002/biof.5520180214. Statin cardiomyopathy? A potential role for Co-Enzyme Q10 therapy for statin-induced changes in diastolic LV performance: description of a clinical protocol. Silver MA(1), Langsjoen PH, Szabo S, Patil H, Zelinger A. Author information: (1)Heart Failure Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Advocate Christ Medical Center and the University of Illinois/Christ Cardiovascular Disease Fellowship Program, Oak Lawn, IL 60453, USA. Marc.Silver@Advocatehealth.com Lipid-lowering statins are thought to have a favorable safety profile. Statins inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step of mevalonate synthesis. Mevalonate is the substrate for further synthesis of cholesterol and Co Enzyme Q10 (CoQ10). CoQ10 plays an important role during oxidative phosphorylation in the myocardial cell. Since myocardial diastolic function is a highly ATP dependent, we reasoned that early changes of diastolic function may be an early marker of ventricular dysfunction. METHODS: Patients who are to commence on statin therapy will be enrolled in the trial. Baseline measurements of plasma CoQ10, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, CoQ10/LDL ratio, peak E, peak A velocities, E/A ratio, deceleration time, isovolumetric relaxation time, color M-mode propagation velocity will be performed and patients will then begin to take Oral atorvastatin (Lipitor, Parke-Davis) 20 mg daily for three to six months. All baseline measurement will be repeated after 3 to 6 months of statin therapy. Those patients demonstrating > 1 measurement of diastolic LV function that worsened during the 3 to 6 months of statin therapy will be supplemented with CoQ10 300 mg. daily for 3 months. A followup echocardiogram and blood CoQ10 level will be measured in patients who received CoQ10 supplementation. RESULTS: Statistical analysis will be performed using the paired t test to compare coenzyme levels and echocardiographic indices at baseline and after treatment and after supplementation. DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520180214 PMID: 14695927 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Effect of ribose supplementation on resynthesis of adenine nucleotides after intense intermittent training in humans.

10. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Jan;286(1):R182-8. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00286.2003. Effect of ribose supplementation on resynthesis of adenine nucleotides after intense intermittent training in humans. Hellsten Y(1), Skadhauge L, Bangsbo J. Author information: (1)Human Physiology, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Institute for Excersize and Sport Science, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. yhellsten@aki.ku.dk The effect of oral ribose supplementation on the resynthesis of adenine nucleotides and performance after 1 wk of intense intermittent exercise was examined. Eight subjects performed a random double-blind crossover design. The subjects performed cycle training consisting of 15 x 10 s of all-out sprinting twice per day for 7 days. After training the subjects received either ribose (200 mg/kg body wt; Rib) or placebo (Pla) three times per day for 3 days. An exercise test was performed at 72 h after the last training session. Immediately after the last training session, muscle ATP was lowered (P < 0.05) by 25 +/- 2 and 22 +/- 3% in Pla and Rib, respectively. In both Pla and Rib, muscle ATP levels at 5 and 24 h after the exercise were still lower (P < 0.05) than pretraining. After 72 h, muscle ATP was similar (P > 0.05) to pretraining in Rib (24.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 26.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg dry wt) but still lower (P < 0.05) in Pla (21.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 26.0 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg dry wt) and higher (P < 0.05) in Rib than in Pla. Plasma hypoxanthine levels after the test performed at 72 h were higher (P < 0.05) in Rib compared with Pla. Mean and peak power outputs during the test performed at 72 h were similar (P > 0.05) in Pla and Rib. The results support the hypothesis that the availability of ribose in the muscle is a limiting factor for the rate of resynthesis of ATP. Furthermore, the reduction in muscle ATP observed after intense training does not appear to be limiting for high-intensity exercise performance. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00286.2003 PMID: 14660478 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Pre-exercise oral creatine ingestion does not improve prolonged intermittent sprint exercise in humans.

11. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2002 Sep;42(3):320-9. Pre-exercise oral creatine ingestion does not improve prolonged intermittent sprint exercise in humans. Preen D(1), Dawson B, Goodman C, Lawrence S, Beilby J, Ching S. Author information: (1)Department of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. dpreen@mbox.com.au BACKGROUND: This investigation determined whether pre-exercise oral Cr ingestion could enhance prolonged intermittent sprint exercise performance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: a randomised, double-blind crossover design was employed. SETTING: testing was performed at the Western Australian Institute of Sport and participants were monitored and treated by both scientific and medical personnel. PARTICIPANTS: eight active, but not well-trained males with a background in multiple-sprint based sports acted as subjects for this investigation. INTERVENTIONS: subjects ingested either 15 g Cr.H2O or placebo 120 min and 60 min prior to the start of an 80-min maximal sprint cycling task (10 sets of multiple 6-sec sprints with varying active recoveries). Subjects were retested 14 days later, being required to ingest the alternate supplement and repeat the exercise test. MEASURES: performance variables (work done and peak power) were obtained throughout the exercise challenge. Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were raised to a peak of 2348+/-223 micromol x l(-1) prior to the commencement of exercise after Cr ingestion. There were no significant changes in any cycling performance parameters following Cr ingestion, although blood La- was significantly lower (p<0.05) than placebo at all time points during were taken preexercise as well as immediately and 3 min post-exercise in order to determine concentrations of ATP, PCr, Cr, La- and glycogen. Venous blood was drawn prior to and on four occasions during the exercise test, and analysed for Cr, NH3+, La- and pH. RESULTS: Serum Cr concentrations exercise, and plasma NH3+ accumulation was also significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the Cr condition, but only in the second half of the 80-min exercise test. Muscle ATP and TCr levels as well as postexercise PCr replenishment were unaffected following Cr administration. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that although the pre-exercise ingestion of a large Cr dose was shown to have some impact on blood borne metabolites, it does not improve maximal prolonged intermittent sprint exercise performance, possibly due to an insufficient time allowed for uptake of serum Cr by skeletal muscle to occur. Therefore, this form of loading does not provide an alternative method of Cr supplementation to the traditional five-day supplementation regimes established by previous research. PMID: 12094123 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Creatine supplementation during resistance training in college football athletes.

12. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Oct;33(10):1667-73. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200110000-00009. Creatine supplementation during resistance training in college football athletes. Bemben MG(1), Bemben DA, Loftiss DD, Knehans AW. Author information: (1)Neuromuscular Research Lab, Department of Health & Sport Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA. mgbemben@ou.edu PURPOSE: This investigation assessed the effects of a 9-wk regimen of creatine monohydrate (Cr x H2O) supplementation coupled with resistance training on body composition and neuromuscular performance in NCAA Division I football athletes. METHODS: Twenty-five subjects were randomly assigned in a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled design, to a treatment (Cr, N = 9), placebo (P, N = 8), or control group (C, N = 8). The Cr group received 20 g.d(-1) of creatine for the first 5 d in 5-g doses, four times daily, followed by 5 g.d(-1) for the remainder of the study. Each 5-g dose was mixed with 500 mL of glucose solution (Gatorade). The P group received a placebo (sodium phosphate monohydrate; NaH2PO4 x H2O) following the exact protocol as the Cr group. The C group received no supplementation. All subjects resistance trained 4 d.wk(-1). Measurements of neuromuscular performance and body composition were made pre- and post-training after supplementation while monitoring dietary intakes. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant differences occurred between the Cr group and the other two groups (P and C) for total body weight, lean body mass, cell hydration, strength, peak torque at 300 degrees.s(-1) knee flexion, percent torque decrement, and anaerobic power and capacity. However, percent body fat, peak torque during both knee flexion and extension at 60 and 180 degrees.s(-1), peak torque at 300 degrees.s(-1) during knee extension, global muscular strength (power clean), and extracellular fluid remained statistically unchanged for all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that creatine, supplemented concurrently with resistance and anaerobic training, may positively affect cell hydration status and enhance performance variables further than augmentation seen with training alone. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200110000-00009 PMID: 11581550 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Creatine supplementation and the total work performed during 15-s and 1-min bouts of maximal cycling.

13. Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1997 Sep;29(3):65-8. Creatine supplementation and the total work performed during 15-s and 1-min bouts of maximal cycling. Schneider DA(1), McDonough PJ, Fadel PJ, Berwick JP. Author information: (1)Exercise Science Research Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia. Nine untrained male subjects participated in a placebo (Pl)/creatine (Cr), single-blind study conducted over a 5-wk period. Placebo and Cr treatments were presented in a sequential manner because muscle Cr washout time after supplementation is unknown. The mean ( +/- SE) age, height, and initial body mass for the subjects was 25.7+/- 1.2 yr, 177 +/- 2 cm, and 78.5 +/- 3.8 kg, respectively. Each subject performed five 15-s bouts of maximal cycling (1-min rest periods) after 7 d of Pl (6 g glucose X 5 doses daily) and again after ingesting Cr for 7 d (5 g creatine plus 1 g glucose X 5 doses) with a 2-wk intervention period. Only 6 of 9 subjects were able to complete five 1-min bouts of maximal cycling (5-min rest periods) after an additional 2 d of Pl and Cr treatment. Cr ingestion resulted in a significant increase in the work performed during each 15-s bout of maximal cycling compared to Pl trials. Moreover, the total work completed during five 15-s bouts of cycling increased significantly from 47.5 +/- 2.3 kJ with Pl treatment to 50.6 +/- 2.3 kJ after Cr supplementation (P < 0.05). Peak blood lactate concentrations determined 4 min after the fifth 15-s work bout were 14.4 +/- 0.5 mmol.L-1 and 14.3 +/- mmol.L-1 for Pl and Cr trials, respectively (P < 0.05). Total work completed during five 1-min bouts of maximal cycling was not significantly increased after Cr supplementation (P > 0.05). Additionally, Cr supplementation did not slow the rate of decline in the work accomplished during repeated bouts of maximal cycling. These findings suggest that Cr ingestion may augment the rate of ATP resynthesis from phosphocreatine during exercise in untrained subjects. PMID: 9302488 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Dietary supplementation and improved anaerobic performance.

14. Int J Sport Nutr. 1994 Dec;4(4):387-97. doi: 10.1123/ijsn.4.4.387. Dietary supplementation and improved anaerobic performance. Maresh CM(1), Armstrong LE, Hoffman JR, Hannon DR, Gabaree CL, Bergeron MF, Whittlesey MJ, Deschenes MR. Author information: (1)University of Connecticut Human Performance Laboratory, Storrs 06269-1110. In the present study, the effects of an increased daily dose of a dietary supplement (ATP-E, 0.2 g.kg-1.day-1) on Wingate test performance were examined in 12 men (21 +/- 1.6 years) prior to and following 14 days of supplement and placebo ingestion. A double-blind and counterbalanced design was used. Results revealed higher (p < .007) preexercise blood ATP (95.4 +/- 10.5 mumol.dl-1) for the entire group following 14 days of ATP-E ingestion compared to placebo measures (87.6 +/- 10.9 mumol.dl-1). Mean power (667 +/- 73 W) was higher (p < .008) after 14 days of ATP-E ingestion versus placebo (619 +/- 67 W). Peak plasma lactate was lower (p < .07) after 14 days of ATP-E ingestion (14.9 +/- 2.8 mmol.L-1) compared to placebo (16.3 +/- 1.6 mmol.L-1). These data suggested that the improvement in 30-s Wingate test performance in this group may be related to the increased dose of ATP-E. DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.4.4.387 PMID: 7874154 [Indexed for MEDLINE]