오메가3 (알지오일)
Omega-3 (Algal Oil)
📚 관련 논문 (24편)
1. J Nutr. 2012 Jan;142(1):99-104. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.148973. Epub 2011 Nov 23. A meta-analysis shows that docosahexaenoic acid from algal oil reduces serum triglycerides and increases HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in persons without coronary heart disease. Bernstein AM(1), Ding EL, Wille
2. Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 24;26(19):9343. doi: 10.3390/ijms26199343. Comparative Bioavailability of DHA and EPA from Microalgal and Fish Oil in Adults. Bailey E(1), Wojcik J(2), Rahn M(1), Roos F(1), Spooren A(1), Koshibu K(1)(3). Author information: (1)Health, Nutrition and Care, dsm-firmenich
3. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 19;14(16):3410. doi: 10.3390/nu14163410. Impact of DHA from Algal Oil on the Breast Milk DHA Levels of Lactating Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China. Yang Y(1)(2), Li G(2), Li F(2), Xu F(2), Hu P(2), Xie Z(2), Lu X(2), Ding Y(2), Wang Z(2). Author information: (
4. Eur J Nutr. 2022 Jun;61(4):2129-2141. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02795-7. Epub 2022 Jan 18. Bioequivalence of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from foods enriched with a novel vegetable-based omega-3 delivery system compared to gel capsules: a randomized controlled cross-over acute
5. Food Res Int. 2026 Feb 1;225:118164. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.118164. Epub 2025 Dec 21. Synergistic effects of DHA and choline delivered via co-encapsulated microcapsules in infant formula Rice cereal: Enhanced cognitive function and molecular mechanisms in mice. Liu X(1), Xie Z(2), Zhang
6. Lipids. 2016 Jul;51(7):833-46. doi: 10.1007/s11745-016-4139-8. Epub 2016 Apr 1. Dietary Crude Lecithin Increases Systemic Availability of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid with Combined Intake in Rats. van Wijk N(1), Balvers M(2), Cansev M(3), Maher TJ(4)(5), Sijben JW(2), Broersen LM(2)(6). Auth
7. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(7):1154-1168. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1394268. Epub 2017 Dec 6. The oxidative stability of omega-3 oil-in-water nanoemulsion systems suitable for functional food enrichment: A systematic review of the literature. Bush L(1), Stevenson L(1), Lane KE(1). Autho
8. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2016 Oct;(224):1-826. doi: 10.23970/AHRQEPCERTA224. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Maternal and Child Health: An Updated Systematic Review. Newberry SJ(1), Chung M(1), Booth M(1), Maglione MA(1), Tang AM(1), O'Hanlon CE(1), Wang DD(1), Okunogbe A(1), Huang C(1), M
9. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(5):572-9. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2011.596292. Bioavailability and potential uses of vegetarian sources of omega-3 fatty acids: a review of the literature. Lane K(1), Derbyshire E, Li W, Brennan C. Author information: (1)a Department of Food and Tourism Managemen
1. Nutrients. 2026 Apr 17;18(8):1274. doi: 10.3390/nu18081274. The Role of Dietary Supplements in the Treatment of Endometriosis: A Critical Review. Wójtowicz M(1), Małek P(2), Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M(2). Author information: (1)Clinical Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland. (2)Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland. Background: There is a growing number of studies suggesting the effectiveness of dietary supplements in preventing and treating endometriosis. It has been suggested that deficiencies in vitamins D and E as well as zinc are associated with the increased risk of endometriosis development. Beneficial effects of magnesium, curcumin, resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate were found in experimental animal studies. A reduction in pain related to endometriosis was shown in women using omega-3 and alpha-lipoic acid. Meanwhile, decreasing endometriotic lesion size after the supplementation of omega-3, N-acetylcysteine, vitamin C and epigallocatechin-3-gallate was observed in animal and human studies. Thus, the aim of this critical review was to summarize the available data describing the effects of dietary supplements used in the treatment of endometriosis. Material and Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched for related studies until 15 December 2025. Finally, 34 studies were included in the synthesis. Results: Of these 34 studies, only 23 were randomized, placebo-controlled trials. There have been no RCTs evaluating the effectiveness of vitamin E, zinc, alpha-LA, EGCG and DIM in the treatment of endometriosis. Single studies evaluating the effectiveness of vitamin C, magnesium, resveratrol, NAC and PEA with PLD have not confirmed it. Meanwhile single studies evaluating the effectiveness of selenium, propolis and quercetin have confirmed it. Of the four studies assessing the effectiveness of vitamin D, two confirmed it and two did not; of the two studies assessing probiotics, one confirmed its effectiveness and one did not; of the two studies assessing curcumin, one confirmed its effectiveness and one did not; and of the three studies assessing omega-3, two confirmed its effectiveness and one did not. All four RCTs assessing the combination of vitamins C and E confirmed their effectiveness. Conclusions: Despite encouraging observations from experimental studies, the results of RCTs are less encouraging and do not allow for the formulation of recommendations concerning the use of supplements in the treatment of endometriosis symptoms according to EBM. DOI: 10.3390/nu18081274 PMID: 42075089 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
2. Nutrients. 2026 Apr 9;18(8):1178. doi: 10.3390/nu18081178. DHA: Nutritional Programming During the First 1000 Days of Life. Sollena LM(1), Carta M(2), Insinga V(2), Gabriele B(2), Notarbartolo V(2), Sortino C(1), Giuffrè M(1)(2). Author information: (1)Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy. (2)Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy. BACKGROUND: The first 1000 days of life, from conception to 2 years of age, represent a critical window during which nutrition can exert long-lasting effects on neurodevelopment, immune maturation, and susceptibility to prematurity-related morbidity. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key structural n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid of the brain and retina, characterized by rapid fetal accretion during the third trimester. METHODS: We conducted a narrative review of studies published from March 2015 up to December 2025, including randomized controlled trials, follow-up studies, and systematic reviews/meta-analyses about DHA supplementation during pregnancy, lactation, infancy and early childhood, and its role on development. RESULTS: Across the first 1000 days, DHA supplementation improves biochemical DHA status, particularly in populations with low baseline levels (moderate to high level of evidence), while clinical outcomes remain heterogeneous. During pregnancy, some benefits in specific cognitive and behavioral domains have been demonstrated, whereas effects on global cognition and long-term behavior are frequently null (moderate evidence). Visual outcomes appear favorable, with improvements in visual acuity (moderate evidence). In preterm infants, enteral DHA-often combined with arachidonic acid (ARA)-is feasible and well tolerated. DHA may reduce inflammatory markers and necrotizing enterocolitis risk when in equilibrium with ARA (low to moderate evidence), while no evidence supports the link between DHA and reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity (moderate evidence). Neurodevelopmental outcomes are mixed: neuroimaging studies suggest enhanced white matter maturation with DHA + ARA, whereas most trials show no clear benefit regarding standardized developmental scores (moderate evidence). CONCLUSIONS: DHA is biologically essential during the first 1000 days, but its clinical impact depends on timing, dose, baseline status, and prematurity-related context. The balance between DHA and ARA, rather than DHA supplementation alone, emerges as a key determinant of clinical efficacy, supporting a shift toward precision-based nutritional strategies in early life. DOI: 10.3390/nu18081178 PMID: 42074991 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
3. Clin Transl Sci. 2026 May;19(5):e70531. doi: 10.1111/cts.70531. Modulation of Inflammatory Indices by Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation in Hemodialysis: A Clinical Trial Approach. Shafaei Kachaei H(1), Abbasi Mobarakrh K(2), Azaryan F(3), Torkaman M(4), Askarpour SA(5), Harsini AR(6), Fahimzad FS(6), Mousavi Mele M(7), Hoseinzadeh Liavoli M(8), Masoomi Golujeh N(8), Ataie Kashki S(8), Khoshdooz S(9), Doaei S(10), Khosravi M(9), Gholamalizadeh M(11). Author information: (1)Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. (2)Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (3)Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. (4)Akhtar Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (5)Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (6)Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (7)Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. (8)School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. (9)Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. (10)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (11)Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely associated with systemic inflammation. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on inflammatory markers in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. Eligible participants with CKD receiving hemodialysis were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group received three capsules of omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/day) for two months, while the control group received placebo capsules containing medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. Inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were measured both before and after the interventions. The results showed that CRP levels increased from 9.86 ± 12.64 to 11.46 ± 22.23 mg/L in the intervention group and from 5.24 ± 9.01 to 5.61 ± 7.93 mg/L in the control group (p = 0.11). Similarly, IL-6 levels increased from 17.84 ± 14.08 to 81.82 ± 66.22 pg/mL in the intervention group and from 14.96 ± 18.41 to 56.73 ± 115.45 pg/mL in the control group (p = 0.53). No statistically significant group differences were observed after adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, dietary intake, and pre-existing diseases. The study findings showed that a two-month intake of omega-3 fatty acids supplements did not have a significant impact on reducing the levels of inflammatory markers in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Larger trials with longer durations are warranted. Study Highlights What is the Current Knowledge on the Topic? ○ Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and are reported to be potentially beneficial in reducing inflammation associated with CKD, but the evidence regarding the effectiveness of omega-3 supplements in reducing inflammatory markers in this population remains inconsistent. What Question did this Study Address? ○ What is the effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation for 2 months on CRP and IL-6 levels in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis? What Does This Study Add to Our Knowledge? ○ Contrary to previous studies, this study found that omega-3 fatty acids supplementation did not significantly reduce CRP or IL-6 levels compared with placebo over 2 months and that short-term supplementation is not sufficient to reduce systemic inflammation in hemodialysis patients. How Might this Change Clinical Pharmacology or Translational Science? ○ These findings suggest that short-term omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may not be sufficient in reducing inflammatory markers in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis and highlight the need for larger-scale clinical trials with different doses and longer durations to investigate nutritional or pharmacological strategies. © 2026 The Author(s). Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. DOI: 10.1111/cts.70531 PMCID: PMC13121090 PMID: 42045798 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
4. J Assoc Physicians India. 2026 Apr;74(4):75-80. doi: 10.59556/japi.74.1471. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Tobacco Craving in Tobacco Users: A Single-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study. Singh A(1), Verma N(2), Kant S(3), Verma AK(4), Tripathi A(5), Bhardwaj K(6). Author information: (1)Senior Research Fellow, Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6828-9643. (2)Dean, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-7419, Corresponding Author. (3)Professor and Head, Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-5404. (4)Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-1793. (5)Professor, Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-6475. (6)Research Associate, Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-649X. BACKGROUND: Tobacco use and its smoke produces oxidative stress in the body, which eventually triggers cell damage by lipid peroxidation. Smokers report lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) in their serum as compared to nonsmokers. Omega-3 deficiency impairs neurotransmission, resulting in hypofunctioning of the mesocortical system, which is a reward and dependency system that can raise tobacco cravings, disrupting tobacco quitting efforts. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) regulates stress, anxiety, and negative emotions that are associated with tobacco urges. Limited research has assessed the supplementation effect of omega-3 PUFA [in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)] on tobacco craving. AIM: We aimed to explore the effects of omega-3 PUFA (ALA) on the frequency of tobacco use per day, tobacco dependence, and tobacco craving when compared to placebo in regular tobacco users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Regular tobacco users (n = 83) recruited from the Tobacco Cessation Clinic were randomly allocated to two groups. Group I was the omega-3 PUFA group, supplemented with 10 mL/day of omega-3 PUFA in the form of ALA (5.1 gm) for 180 days, and the other group received a placebo for the same duration. The outcome was evaluated by means of a case record form (for demographic parameters), self-reports of tobacco use (for frequency of tobacco use per day), as well as psychometric measures (for tobacco dependence and tobacco craving). The evaluations were carried out at baseline and after 180 days of intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The frequency of tobacco use per day, tobacco dependence, and tobacco craving were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in the group receiving omega-3 PUFA (ALA) at the end of supplementation. This is a novel approach that ALA supplementation reduces tobacco cravings in regular tobacco users in comparison to a placebo. Thus, omega-3 FAs may be an adjuvant tool in quitting tobacco use by reducing nicotine dependence and tobacco craving. Further studies are necessary with large samples to understand the possible association and explore the probable nonpharmacological approaches for tobacco cessation. © Journal of The Association of Physicians of India 2026. DOI: 10.59556/japi.74.1471 PMID: 42003149 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
5. Contemp Clin Trials. 2026 Apr 15;165:108311. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2026.108311. Online ahead of print. Combined effectiveness of omega-3 PUFA-rich fish oil supplementation and high-intensity interval training in obesity associated metabolic dysfunction: Protocol for a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Azari H(1), Combs D(1), Galindo S(1), Jafarabadi GS(1), Chemitiganti R(2), Park OH(3), Moustaid-Moussa N(4), Dhanasekara CS(5), Albracht-Schulte K(6). Author information: (1)Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Center of Excellence in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Research, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA. (2)Center of Excellence for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA. (3)Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA. (4)Center of Excellence in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Research, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA; Institute for One Health Innovation, Texas Tech University and Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, United States. (5)Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA. (6)Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Center of Excellence in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Research, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA. Electronic address: Kembra.Albracht@ttu.edu. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obesity rates continue to rise globally, highlighting the need for prevention and targeted treatment strategies. Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis are key contributors to obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Anti-inflammatory dietary components, such as fish oil rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), reduce inflammation and improve metabolic outcomes. Similarly, physical activity improves metabolic health and attenuates chronic systemic inflammation, with varying benefits according to exercise intensity. While both interventions independently modulate inflammation and gut microbiota, their combined effects warrant further research. This study investigates the combined impact of n-3 PUFA supplementation and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on obesity-related inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis, hypothesizing that improvements in gut microbiota composition driven by n-3 PUFAs may enhance the metabolic benefits of exercise. DESIGN AND METHODS: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 are randomized to receive either 4 g/day n-3 PUFA or safflower oil (placebo) for 10 weeks. During weeks 0-4, participants take the assigned supplement. Beginning in week 4, one n-3 PUFA group and one placebo group will additionally complete 4-weeks of HIIT. Control groups perform low-intensity training (LIT) for 4 weeks. The last two weeks are a detraining phase with continued supplementation. DISCUSSION: This study explores the benefits of combining short-term HIIT and n-3 PUFA supplementation in individuals with overweight or obesity. The findings inform measurable, time-efficient interventions that target systemic inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and metabolic dysfunctions. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2026.108311 PMID: 41997541 Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests.
6. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2026 Dec 31;23(1):2658774. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2026.2658774. Epub 2026 Apr 16. Effects of eight weeks of eicosapentaenoic acid and medium-chain triacylglycerol structured lipid intake on EPA/AA ratio and muscle performance in young men. Shimizu T(1), Tsuchiya Y(2), Ueda H(3), Yokoi K(4), Yanagimoto K(4), Ochi E(5)(6). Author information: (1)Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan. (2)Center for Liberal Arts, Laboratory of Health and Sports Sciences, Meiji Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan. (3)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. (4)Food Function R&D Center, Nissui Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. (5)Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. (6)Graduate School of Sports and Health Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. BACKGROUND: Structured triglycerides (STGs), in which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are esterified with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), have demonstrated greater bioavailability and potential benefits in improving endurance and reducing post-exercise strength loss compared with physical mixtures (PMs) of EPA and MCTs. However, it remains unclear whether STGs have superior effects on blood EPA levels and muscular endurance and fatigue. This study compared the effects of 8-week STG and PM intake on blood EPA levels, muscular endurance, and fatigue following resistance exercise. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy young men were randomly assigned to an STG group (n = 15) or a PM group (n = 13) in a double-blind, parallel-group, active comparator trial. Participants consumed 4,560 mg/day of the test oil (600 mg EPA, 260 mg DHA) for 8 weeks. After the intervention, the participants performed four sets of leg extensions to exhaustion at 40% of their body weight. Muscular endurance was assessed by the number of repetitions, and fatigue was evaluated by changes in maximal voluntary contraction, range of motion, thigh circumference, muscle thickness, echo intensity, and jump performance. RESULTS: The STG group showed a significantly greater increase in the serum EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio compared with the PM group. However, no significant differences were found between groups in repetition counts or fatigue-related measures. CONCLUSION: Eight weeks of STG supplementation improved the blood EPA/AA ratio more than a PM, but did not yield superior effects on muscle endurance or fatigue. DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2026.2658774 PMCID: PMC13094201 PMID: 41992745 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
7. Am J Clin Nutr. 2026 Apr 7:101311. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101311. Online ahead of print. Determining the half-life and turnover rate of EPA, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid, and DHA in humans using the natural abundance of carbon-13: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Symington A(1), Wu D(2), Chen CT(3), Del Vecchio M(4), Zahradka P(5), Taylor C(6), Aukema HM(4), Kong D(2), Metherel AH(3), Bazinet RP(3). Author information: (1)Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: amy.symington@mail.utoronto.ca. (2)Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. (3)Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (4)Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. (5)Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. (6)Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. BACKGROUND: Tools to measure omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) half-lives and turnover deserve attention, as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play vital roles in the body. Plants and marine life vary in fixed carbon-13 signatures (δ13C), allowing in vivo tracing. OBJECTIVES: To determine the half-lives and turnover of n-3 PUFAs using δ13C in this secondary analysis. METHODS: During a 28-d randomized crossover study (6-wk wash-in phase/washout phase), 12 participants (aged 19-34 y) were supplemented with 4.2 g/d α-linolenic acid (ALA) (flax oil) or 4.3 g/d DHA, 1.0 g/d EPA, and 0.2 g/d docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) (fish oil). Blood was collected on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Plasma n-3 PUFA δ13C signatures were analyzed by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) to calculate half-lives and turnover. RESULTS: δ13C signatures of flax oil ALA, fish oil EPA, n-3 DPA, and DHA were -33.2 ± 1.4, -26.3 ± 2.2, -26.2 ± 1.5, and -25.4 ± 1.3 mUr, respectively. Baseline signatures were not statistically different. Over time, δ13C of EPA, n-3 DPA, and DHA converged toward the isotopic signature of the fish oil supplement (P < 0.05). Using δ13C signatures, half-lives of EPA, n-3 DPA, and DHA (3.4 ± 2.7, 6.4 ± 5.3, and 6.3 ± 8.9 d, mean ± SD, respectively) and turnover rates (61.9 ± 53.1, 6.0 ± 2.9, and 78.0 ± 44.5 nmol/mL/d, respectively) were calculated. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to investigate n-3 PUFA half-lives and turnover in humans using GC-IRMS and the natural variance of 13C in commercial fish oils. These results were similar to preclinical model values and other clinically used methods but added the first estimate for n-3 DPA half-life and turnover rate. Compound-specific isotope analysis is a valuable tool in human studies for determining n-3 PUFA half-lives and turnover rate, as well as factors affecting them, including diet, exercise, sex, genetics, and disease. Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101311 PMID: 41956323 Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interest The funders had no role in the design, execution, or interpretation of the research. AHM is on the Board of Directors of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids. AHM is also a Science Advisor for Benexia and Natures Crops International and was a coapplicant on a joint government/industry funded research grant with Natures Crops International. RPB. has received industrial grants, including those matched by the Canadian government, and/or travel support from Arctic Nutrition, Bunge Ltd., DSM, The Dairy Farmers of Canada, Mead Johnson, Natures Crops International, Nestec Inc, Pharmavite, and Sansero Life Sciences Inc. RPB. has served as a consultant to Bunge Ltd., Fonterra and Red Abbey Labs. Moreover, RPB. was on the executive committee of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids and held a meeting on behalf of fatty acids and cell signaling, both of which rely on corporate sponsorship. RPB. has given expert testimony in relation to supplements and the brain. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.
8. Mol Neurobiol. 2026 Apr 9;63(1):555. doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05843-7. Synergistic Neuroprotection of MFSD2A Overexpression and DHA Supplementation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Luo S(#)(1), Zheng Q(#)(1), Wang M(#)(1), Wang X(1)(2), Ma B(1), Liu D(1), Li L(1), Lu Y(1), Sang D(1), Yang L(3). Author information: (1)Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China. (2)Department of Emergency, The Eighth Peoples Hospital of Zhengzhou, The Mental Health Center of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China. (3)Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, No. 801 Zhihuai Road, Longzihu District, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China. ylj_1986_edu@163.com. (#)Contributed equally Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor neuron loss, with limited effective therapies. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibits neuroprotective effects, but its limited transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts clinical utility. Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2A (MFSD2A) is the primary transporter of DHA into the central nervous system, yet its role in ALS remains unclear. This study investigated the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of MFSD2A overexpression combined with DHA supplementation in male SOD1^G93A ALS mice. We found that MFSD2A expression was markedly reduced in ALS mice and correlated with impaired motor function and neuronal damage. DHA supplementation or MFSD2A overexpression partially improved behavioral deficits, while their combination produced synergistic benefits. Histological analyses revealed attenuated neuronal degeneration and reduced muscle fibrosis following combined treatment. Furthermore, MFSD2A physically interacted with the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21, regulating glycolytic metabolism by modulating key enzymes (GLUT1, HK2, LDHA, PDK1) and products (lactate/pyruvate and NADH/NADPH ratio). TRIM21 knockdown reversed MFSD2A-mediated neuroprotection and impaired glycolytic metabolism, indicating its critical role in this pathway. The combined intervention also suppressed systemic inflammation and oxidative stress by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and restoring antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH-Px), while reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA). These findings suggest that MFSD2A facilitates DHA's neuroprotective effects by enhancing glycolytic metabolism and mitigating neuroinflammation. This study highlights MFSD2A and DHA as promising therapeutic targets in ALS and provides novel insights into overcoming BBB transport limitations for neurodegenerative disease treatment. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. DOI: 10.1007/s12035-026-05843-7 PMID: 41954708 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics Approval and Consent Participate: The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University (2022-(Lunshen)-182). No patient was involved in this study. Animal Ethics: All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publication No. 85–23, revised 1985) and approved by the Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University (2022-(Lunshen)-182). Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Clinical Trial Number: Not applicable.
9. Nutr Res. 2026 May;149:139-147. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2026.03.001. Epub 2026 Mar 7. Secondary analysis of omega-3 supplementation: Alteration of lipid mediators and inflammation in older adults engaged in a home-based and vibration exercise program. Li DCW(1), Haß U(2), Herpich C(1), Rudloff S(3), Norman K(4). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany. (2)Faculty of Health Science Brandenburg, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. (3)Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. (4)Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: Kristina.norman@dife.de. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may influence lipid mediators that regulate inflammation, but its effects in older adults are not well defined. This secondary analysis examined the effects of omega-3 supplementation on lipid mediators and inflammatory markers in older adults performing a home-based and vibration exercise program. We hypothesized that omega-3 supplementation would reduce circulating prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and increase resolvin E1 (RvE1). Forty participants (mean age 69 years, 50% women) were randomly assigned to receive an algae-oil omega-3 supplementation (1397 mg docosahexaenoic acid, 749 mg eicosapentaenoic acid) or no supplementation for 8 weeks. Plasma PGE2, LTB4, RvE1, and inflammatory markers were measured before and after the intervention. Directional changes were classified as increase, no change, or decrease, and correlations between lipid mediator and inflammatory marker responses were analyzed. PGE2 decreased more in the omega-3 group than in controls (time × group P = .043), whereas LTB4 (time P < .001) and RvE1 (time P = .003) declined similarly in both groups. Supplementation was associated with greater reductions in interleukin 10 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, and a larger increase in insulin-like growth factor 1. Changes in PGE2 correlated with C reactive protein (ρ = -0.412, P = .008) and like growth factor 1 (ρ = 0.345, P = .029). Omega-3 supplementation selectively lowered PGE2 independent of exercise effects, while exercise contributed to decreases in LTB4 and RvE1. These findings indicate that omega-3 supplementation modifies lipid mediators linked to inflammation in older adults. Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2026.03.001 PMID: 41934732 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Author declarations The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.
10. Geroscience. 2026 Mar 30. doi: 10.1007/s11357-026-02197-9. Online ahead of print. Effects of daily multivitamin-multimineral supplementation on metabolomic profiles: 2-year findings from the COSMOS randomized clinical trial. Li S(#)(1)(2), Hamaya R(#)(2), Farukhi Z(2), Li J(2)(3), Rist PM(2)(4), Manson JE(2)(4)(5), Sesso HD(6)(7)(8). Author information: (1)Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. (2)Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. (3)Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. (4)Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. (5)Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women's Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. (6)Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. hsesso@bwh.harvard.edu. (7)Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. hsesso@bwh.harvard.edu. (8)Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. hsesso@bwh.harvard.edu. (#)Contributed equally Despite widespread use in the USA, little is known about the impact of multivitamin-multimineral (MVM) supplementation on metabolomic profiles and how this may translate to biological aging and long-term risk of age-related chronic diseases. The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) is a 2 × 2 factorial, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial testing daily MVM (Centrum Silver®) in US older adults. In 399 participants with metabolomics profiles quantified using the Nightingale Health nuclear magnetic resonance platform at baseline, year 1, and year 2 (70.3 ± 5.7 years; 50.1% female), we evaluate the effects of MVM versus placebo on 168 metabolites, 7 metabolomics clocks of biological aging, and 24 metabolomic risk scores (MRS) for chronic diseases. Compared with placebo, 2-year daily MVM supplementation increased the concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (Cohen's d for between-group differences in changes from baseline to 2 years, 0.212 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.404]) and omega-3 fatty acids (0.193 [0.003 to 0.382]) as well as delayed the increase in concentrations of creatinine (-0.222 [-0.424 to -0.019]). MVM also reduced MRS for 16 chronic diseases, including major cardiovascular events, renal disease, all-cause dementia, asthma, cataracts, glaucoma, liver disease, non-melanoma skin cancer, and prostate cancer (Cohen's d range, -0.206 to -0.277). However, all these effects were only significant at nominal levels, not after multiple-testing correction (p < 0.05; FDR > 0.05). Additionally, MVM led to a non-significant decrease across all metabolomic aging clocks, ranging from 0.496 to 1.054 years. Despite the limited sample size, COSMOS provides preliminary evidence that daily MVM supplementation may modestly improve metabolomic profiles in older adults. Further expansion within COSMOS is still warranted to confirm whether these alterations contribute to the benefits of MVM supplementation for healthy aging. Trial registration number: NCT02422745. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Aging Association. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-026-02197-9 PMID: 41910928 Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics and consent to participate: All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment in the trial, and trial activities were overseen by the Human Subjects Committee at BWH/Mass General Brigham (2014P002768). Competing interests: Dr. Sesso received in-kind contributions from Nightingale Health for the included metabolomics assays. Drs. Manson and Sesso received investigator-initiated grants from Mars Edge, a segment of Mars Incorporated dedicated to nutrition research and products, for infrastructure support and donation of COSMOS study pills and packaging, and Pfizer Consumer Healthcare (now Haleon) for donation of COSMOS study pills and packaging during the conduct of the study. Dr. Sesso additionally reported receiving investigator-initiated grants from Pure Encapsulations and honoraria and/or travel for lectures from the Council for Responsible Nutrition, BASF, and NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr. Rist received a donation of study pills and packaging from Mars Edge for use in an investigator-initiated NIH-funded trial. No other authors reported any conflicts of interest for this study.
11. Nutrients. 2026 Mar 13;18(6):909. doi: 10.3390/nu18060909. Comparative Effects of Dietary Protein, Creatine, and Omega-3 Supplementation on Muscle Strength, Endurance, and Recovery in Trained Athletes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Wang Z(1), Qin G(2), Kim BM(1). Author information: (1)College of Sports, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea. (2)School of Physical Education, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of dietary protein, creatine, and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on muscle strength, endurance performance, and recovery outcomes in trained athletes. A comprehensive literature search across MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus identified randomized controlled trials evaluating these supplements in individuals engaged in structured training for a minimum of six months. Network meta-analysis employing a frequentist random-effects model synthesized direct and indirect evidence, with treatment rankings determined using Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve probabilities. The analysis incorporated 35 trials enrolling 1211 participants. Creatine supplementation demonstrated superior effects for muscle strength (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.63, SUCRA = 82.4%), protein supplementation proved most effective for endurance performance (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.48, SUCRA = 85.2%), and omega-3 supplementation yielded the greatest benefits for recovery outcomes (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.62, SUCRA = 88.7%). Network consistency assessment revealed no significant disagreement between direct and indirect evidence across all outcomes. These findings reveal an outcome-specific efficacy pattern supporting targeted supplementation strategies aligned with primary training objectives in athletic populations. DOI: 10.3390/nu18060909 PMCID: PMC13029179 PMID: 41901084 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
12. FASEB J. 2026 Apr 15;40(7):e71709. doi: 10.1096/fj.202504783R. Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Inflammation and Recovery in Sports: A Meta-Analysis. Li Z(1), Zhang B(2). Author information: (1)Police Physical Skills Department, Guangdong Justice Police Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. (2)Institute of Physical Education, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to modulate inflammatory signaling and enhance muscle recovery from exercise-induced stress. In this work, a meta-analysis was conducted that adhered to the PRISMA 2020 criteria, incorporating evidence from 41 randomized controlled trials on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation, all of which had been conducted as evidence between 2011 and 2025 and evaluated the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on the primary markers of the impact of exercise on inflammation and muscle injury, including the random-effects model with moderator dose, intervention duration, sex, and training status. The integrated findings showed that interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, creatine kinase, and delayed-onset muscle soreness (standardized mean difference = -0.4 to -0.7) were significantly and moderately reduced, indicating a uniform response to omega-3 supplementation's anti-inflammatory and recovery-promoting effects. C-reactive protein responses were more dispersed, suggesting that baseline inflammation differed and that the sampling protocols did as well. Subgroup analyses showed that doses of 2 g/day or more of mixed EPA + DHA, with a minimum duration of 6 weeks of administration, produced the strongest effects, especially among recreational athletes rather than elite athletes. Mechanistically, nuclear factor-kappa B activation and the ensuing synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators (resolvins, protectins, and maresins), as well as an increase in cellular antioxidant capacity, appear to be moderated by omega-3 supplementation and support efficient resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. These results form a body of evidence over more than 10 years, showing that omega-3 fatty acids are a strong, evidence-based nutritional tool for reducing the effects of post-exercise inflammation, supporting functional recovery, and sustaining long-term athletic performance. © 2026 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. DOI: 10.1096/fj.202504783R PMID: 41891174 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
13. Cell Rep Med. 2026 Mar 17;7(3):102689. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102689. Maternal 12-HETE is associated with childhood asthma and the responses to prenatal omega-3 supplementation. Chen L(1), Brustad N(2), Thorsen J(1), Wang T(2), Ali M(2), Kyvsgaard JN(2), Lovric M(3), Ebrahimi P(4), Luo Y(2), Pedersen CT(2), Prince N(5), Kelly RS(5), Schoos AM(6), Vahman N(2), Rasmussen MA(4), Brix S(7), Litonjua AA(8), Weiss ST(5), Wheelock CE(9), Lasky-Su J(5), Bønnelykke K(1), Stokholm J(10), Chawes B(11). Author information: (1)COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. (2)COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark. (3)Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia. (4)COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark; Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. (5)Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. (6)COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark. (7)Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. (8)Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. (9)Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. (10)COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark; Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. (11)COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: chawes@copsac.com. A recent mouse study has shown that deficiency in 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) affects neonatal alveolar macrophage imprinting and associates with increased respiratory morbidity, but this has not been investigated in humans. Utilizing data from two mother-child cohorts, COPSAC2010 and VDAART, we demonstrate that undetectable maternal plasma 12-HETE during pregnancy associates with increased risk of childhood asthma and respiratory infections alongside an altered infant airway microbiota structure and airway immune profile. Further, we observed an interaction between maternal 12-HETE levels and maternal N-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation in a randomized clinical trial in COPSAC2010 and maternal dietary n-3 LCPUFA intake in VDAART in relation to offspring respiratory morbidity; higher prenatal n-3 LCPUFA exposure reduced asthma and respiratory infection among mothers with detectable 12-HETE levels. These findings identify maternal 12-HETE as a potential biomarker for risk of offspring respiratory morbidity and suggest that maternal 12-HETE status may determine responsiveness to prenatal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation. Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102689 PMCID: PMC13006429 PMID: 41850235 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of interests J.L.-S. is a scientific advisor to Precision Inc. and TruDiagnostic Inc. J.T. reports a speaking fee from AstraZeneca. S.T.W. receives royalties from UpToDate and is on the Board of Histolix, a digital pathology company.
14. J Trop Pediatr. 2026 Feb 9;72(2):fmag019. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmag019. Effect of high-docosahexaenoic acid omega-3 supplementation in low-risk pregnant women on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in Southeast Brazil: a randomized clinical trial. de Sousa TM(1), Cotting CSO(2), Ferreira LA(3), Osanan GC(4), Dos Santos LC(2). Author information: (1)Social Nutrition Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil. (2)Nutrition Department, Federal University Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30120-010, Brazil. (3)Jenny de Andrade Faria Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30120-010, Brazil. (4)Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30120-010, Brazil. Despite well-documented benefits of omega-3 for maternal and child health, evidence on high-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in low-risk pregnant women is limited. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among low-risk pregnant women aged 20-40 years at 22-24 weeks of gestation to evaluate the effects of high-DHA omega-3 supplementation on maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The control group (CG, n = 30) received oral olive oil supplementation, and the intervention group (IG, n = 30) received omega-3 [1700 mg, 260 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 1440 mg of DHA] for ∼16 weeks or until delivery. Maternal and neonatal health outcomes were collected by telephone 15 days after delivery. Forty-five pregnant women completed the study (IG: 20; CG: 25). Adherence to supplementation was above 90% and did not differ between groups (P > .05). There were no differences between groups in mean gestational age (CG: 39.3 ± 1.6; IG: 39.2 ± 1.6; P = .877), adequate gestational weight gain (CG: 24.0%; IG: 50.0%; P = .088), adequate gestational BMI before delivery (CG: 33.3%; IG: 27.8%; P = .261), vaginal delivery (CG: 72.0%; IG: 60.0%; P = .396), full-term birth (CG: 92%; IG: 90%; P = .815), adequate weight (CG: 91.3%; IG: 94.7%; P = .237), and adequate length for gestational age (CG: 82.6%; IG: 100%; P = .056). Omega-3 supplementation with a higher concentration of DHA had no effect on the maternal and neonatal health outcomes investigated in a Brazilian sample of low-risk pregnant women. Further studies are needed to evaluate this effect in pregnant women at higher nutritional risk and with low dietary intake of omega-3. © The Author(s) [2026]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmag019 PMID: 41847904 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
15. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2026 Mar 13. doi: 10.2174/0115748871398269251202105316. Online ahead of print. Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Therapies for ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2008-2023). Khan DI(1), Jameel S(2), Sabeeh(3), Meraj H(4). Author information: (1)Department of Pediatrics, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. (2)Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. (3)Department of Ilmul Atfal, State Unani Medical College, Prayagraj, 211016, India. (4)Department of Niswan wa Qabalat (Obstetrics & Gynecology), Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. BACKGROUND: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that affects attention, impulse control, and the ability to remain still. These challenges can make it harder for individuals with ADHD to succeed at school, work, and in social situations. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are commonly used as first-line treatments and are effective at reducing symptoms. However, their use can be limited by side effects, such as insomnia, appetite loss, cardiovascular risks, potential for misuse, and variability in individual response. Since current treatments have drawbacks, many people are exploring nonstimulant options, such as behavioral therapy, dietary changes, and neurofeedback. These approaches may be safer and easier to maintain, but research on their effectiveness remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to compare the effectiveness of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies for ADHD. METHOD: We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and IEEE Xplore for randomized controlled trials (2008-2023) evaluating pharmacological (e.g., stimulant medications), non-pharmacological (e.g., behavioral therapy, cognitive training), or combined interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD. The search yielded 318 records. After screening titles and abstracts, 249 were excluded. Sixty-nine full-text articles were assessed, and 18 RCTs met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Primary outcomes were reductions in ADHD symptoms measured by standardized rating scales; secondary outcomes included academic performance, social functioning, and clinical global impression. RESULTS: Eighteen RCTs were pooled. ADHD symptoms were consistently reduced with stimulant medications (methylphenidate and amphetamines), although effects on academic performance were modest. Non-stimulants, such as viloxazine and guanfacine, showed significant improvements on ADHD-RS scores, but these improvements were only clinically modest. In contrast, some nutritional supplements, particularly iron and omega-3 fatty acids, showed more pronounced benefits in symptom reduction and social functioning. Behavioral and cognitive interventions were not very effective in achieving consistent outcomes. Combined approaches were somewhat more effective in achieving all identified outcomes, particularly social and functional outcomes. DISCUSSION: Stimulants, such as amphetamines and methylphenidate, consistently showed efficacy in reducing core ADHD symptoms, whereas non-pharmacological interventions showed mixed results. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive, individualized treatment plan that may combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches often yields the best outcomes in managing ADHD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA recommendation. The review was entered into the Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO 2024 CRD42024590678). Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net. DOI: 10.2174/0115748871398269251202105316 PMID: 41832627
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