헴프씨드 오일
Hemp Seed Oil
📚 관련 논문 (16편)
1. Nutrients. 2024 Dec 27;17(1):65. doi: 10.3390/nu17010065. Efficacy of Natural β-Carotene Chewable Tablets Derived from Banana (Musa AA) Pulp in Reducing UV-Induced Skin Erythema. Putthong C(1), Panmanee T(1), Charoensit P(1), Ross S(2), Tongpoolsomjit K(3), Viyoch J(1). Author information: (
2. Pain Manag Nurs. 2025 Feb;26(1):e74-e81. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2024.08.001. Epub 2024 Sep 10. Effect of Topical Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Seed Oil on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Abbasifard M(1), Moosavi Z(2), Azimi M(3), Kamiab Z(4), Bazmandegan G(4), Madahi
3. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Jan 18;59(2):191. doi: 10.3390/medicina59020191. Hemp Seed Oil in Association with β-Caryophyllene, Myrcene and Ginger Extract as a Nutraceutical Integration in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind Prospective Case-Control Study. Farì G(1)(2), Megna M(1), Scacco S(1)(3)
4. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021 Dec;46(8):1518-1529. doi: 10.1111/ced.14749. Epub 2021 Aug 31. Tolerability profile of topical cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide: a compilation of single-centre randomized evaluator-blinded clinical and in vitro studies in normal skin. Maghfour J(1), Rietcheck H(2
1. Nutrients. 2023 Jun 7;15(12):2654. doi: 10.3390/nu15122654. Alleviation of Pain, PAIN Interference, and Oxidative Stress by a Novel Combination of Hemp Oil, Calamari Oil, and Broccoli: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Carlisle C(1), Polley K(1), Panda C(1), Barron K(1), Hamrock M(1), Dominique A(1), Metzger B(1), Le Brun-Blashka S(1), Komarnytsky S(2)(3). Author information: (1)Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., 150 N Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA. (2)Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA. (3)Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Chronic pain is a critical health issue in the US that is routinely managed pharmacologically with diminishing results. The widespread misuse and abuse of prescription opioid pain medications have caused both healthcare providers and patients to seek alternative therapeutic options. Several dietary ingredients have been traditionally used for pain relief and are known to have potential analgesic properties. This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial aimed to test whether a novel combination of full spectrum hemp oil (phytocannabinoids), calamari oil (omega-3 fatty acids), and broccoli (glucosinolates) could reduce chronic pain and attenuate damage from oxidative stress in adults seeking chiropractic care. Participants (average age = 54.8 ± 13.6 years old) were randomly assigned to consume a whole-food, multi-ingredient supplement (n = 12, intervention and standard chiropractic care) or placebo (n = 13, mineral oil and standard chiropractic care) daily for 12 weeks. The subjects' self-reported perceived pain, pain interference, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) status in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were quantified at baseline, mid-checkpoint, and postintervention. The intervention was positively associated with a 52% decrease in pain intensity and several parameters of pain interference, including quality of sleep. Decreases in the markers of oxidative stress were also observed in the participants from the intervention group (29.4% decrease in PMBC ROS). Our findings indicated that supplementation with a novel combination of hemp oil, calamari oil, and broccoli has the potential to manage chronic pain when combined with standard chiropractic care, as suggested by its effects on pain intensity and oxidative stress. DOI: 10.3390/nu15122654 PMCID: PMC10304948 PMID: 37375558 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: S.K. consulted and received research grants from Standard Process Inc. C.C., K.P., C.P., K.B., M.H., A.D., B.M. and S.L.B.-B. are employed by Standard Process Inc.
2. Int J Dermatol. 2019 Dec;58(12):1371-1376. doi: 10.1111/ijd.14404. Epub 2019 Mar 20. The role of oral vitamins and supplements in the management of atopic dermatitis: a systematic review. Reynolds KA(1), Juhasz MLW(2), Mesinkovska NA(2). Author information: (1)University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. (2)Department of Dermatology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by disruption of epidermal barrier function and aberrant immune response to antigens. Current therapies focus on symptom management by restoring epidermal barrier function with emollients and reducing inflammation. Given the prevalence of "steroid phobia" and reported dissatisfaction with first-line therapies, oral vitamins and supplements have been proposed as promising complementary and alternative therapies. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for various oral vitamins and supplements for the treatment of AD. A literature search was performed in February 2018 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Included studies were clinical trials and meta-analyses on the oral supplementation of vitamins and supplements for the treatment or prevention of AD. The search identified over 300 articles, of which 37 were included for review. Supplementation with vitamins E and D have the most robust evidence for AD symptom management. Probiotics may play a role in the prevention of infantile AD. Fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid, sea buckthorn oil, and hempseed oil also have preliminary evidence for use as supplements to decrease AD severity, but randomized controlled trials are needed. Vitamins and supplements may have a role in the management of AD, however, many of the studies reviewed are limited by small sample size. More studies are needed to better inform medical providers and patients about the role of these treatments in the management of AD. © 2019 The International Society of Dermatology. DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14404 PMID: 30892697 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
3. Food Res Int. 2019 May;119:469-476. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.045. Epub 2018 Dec 26. Eight-week hempseed oil intervention improves the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids and the omega-3 index, but does not affect the lipid profile in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia. Del Bo' C(1), Deon V(1), Abello F(2), Massini G(2), Porrini M(2), Riso P(1), Guardamagna O(3). Author information: (1)Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. (2)Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy. (3)Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: ornella.guardamagna@unito.it. Children affected by primary hyperlipidemia have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) during adulthood. Several studies have reported a positive association between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and improvements in lipid markers and CVD risk. Dietary supplements may represent a potential strategy in the management of hyperlipidemia. In this context, the effectiveness of hempseed oil (HSO) rich in PUFAs (particularly linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)) in the modulation of hyperlipidemia has been poorly investigated. The present pilot study aimed to explore the impact of HSO supplementation on the serum lipid profile and fatty acid (FA) composition of red blood cells (RBCs) in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia. A randomized, 8 week long, parallel dietary intervention study was performed. Thirty-six hyperlipidemic probands (6-16 years) on diet therapy were randomized into two groups: the HSO group, receiving 3 g of HSO providing 1.4 g of LA and 0.7 g/day of ALA, and the control group. Both groups received specific dietary guidelines. Before and after the intervention, blood samples were collected and the serum lipid profile, FA composition of RBCs and omega-3-index were analyzed. Eight weeks of supplementation with HSO significantly (p < .01) reduced the RBC content of total saturated and monounsaturated FAs (-5.02 ± 7.94% and - 2.12 ± 2.23%, respectively), increased the levels of total n-3 and n-6 PUFAs (+1.57 ± 1.96% and + 5.39 ± 7.18%, respectively) and the omega-3 index (+1.18 ± 1.42%), but failed to affect the serum lipid profile compared to the control group. In conclusion, our findings seem to support the contribution of HSO supplementation in improving the RBC phospholipid composition and omega-3 index, while no effect was observed regarding modulation of the lipid profile. Further controlled studies are necessary to achieve a complete understanding of the effects of HSO in the modulation of hyperlipidemia and CVD risk in this and other target groups. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.045 PMID: 30884679 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
4. Complement Ther Med. 2013 Oct;21(5):473-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.06.006. Epub 2013 Jul 25. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects of Hot-nature diet and co-supplemented hemp seed, evening primrose oils intervention in multiple sclerosis patients. Rezapour-Firouzi S(1), Arefhosseini SR, Mehdi F, Mehrangiz EM, Baradaran B, Sadeghihokmabad E, Mostafaei S, Fazljou SM, Torbati MA, Sanaie S, Zamani F. Author information: (1)Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Nutrition and Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: s.rfirozi@gmail.com. BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most chronic and inflammatory disorder. Because of limited efficacy and adverse side effects, identifying novel therapeutic and protective agents is important. This study was aimed to assess the potential therapeutic effects of hemp seed and evening primrose oils as well as Hot-nature dietary intervention on RRMS patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this double blind, randomized trial, 100 MS patients with EDSS<6 were allocated into 3 groups: "Group A" who received co-supplemented hemp seed and evening primrose oils with advised Hot-nature diet, "Group B" who received olive oil, "Group C" who received the co-supplemented oils. Mizadj, clinically EDSS and relapse rate as well as immunological factors (IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17) were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 180±2.9 SD days (N=65, 23 M and 42 F aged 34.25±8.07 years with disease duration 6.80±4.33 years). There was no significant difference in studies parameters at baseline. After 6 months, significant improvements in Mizadj, EDSS and relapse rate were found in the groups A and C, while the group B showed a border significant decrease in relapse rate. Immunological parameters showed improvement in groups A and C, whereas there was worsening condition for group B after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The co-supplemented hemp seed and evening primrose oils with Hot-nature diet have beneficial effects in improving of clinical score in RRMS patients which were confirmed by immunological findings. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.06.006 PMID: 24050582 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
5. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Feb 15;2012(2):CD005205. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005205.pub3. Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema. Bath-Hextall FJ(1), Jenkinson C, Humphreys R, Williams HC. Author information: (1)School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.fiona.bath-hextall@nottingham.ac.uk. Update of doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005205.pub2. BACKGROUND: Many people with atopic eczema are reluctant to use the most commonly recommended treatments because they fear the long-term health effects. As a result, many turn to dietary supplements as a possible treatment approach, often with the belief that some essential ingredient is 'missing' in their diet. Various supplements have been proposed, but it is unclear whether any of these interventions are effective. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate dietary supplements for treating established atopic eczema/dermatitis.Evening primrose oil, borage oil, and probiotics are covered in other Cochrane reviews. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases up to July 2010: the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (from 2005), EMBASE (from 2007), PsycINFO (from 1806), AMED (from 1985), LILACS (from 1982), ISI Web of Science, GREAT (Global Resource of EczemA Trials) database, and reference lists of articles. We searched ongoing trials registers up to April 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of dietary supplements for the treatment of those with established atopic eczema/dermatitis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts, read the full text of the publications, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. MAIN RESULTS: We included 11 studies with a total of 596 participants. Two studies assessed fish oil versus olive oil or corn oil placebo. The following were all looked at in single studies: oral zinc sulphate compared to placebo, selenium versus selenium plus vitamin E versus placebo, vitamin D versus placebo, vitamin D versus vitamin E versus vitamins D plus vitamin E together versus placebo, pyridoxine versus placebo, sea buckthorn seed oil versus sea buckthorn pulp oil versus placebo, hempseed oil versus placebo, sunflower oil (linoleic acid) versus fish oil versus placebo, and DHA versus control (saturated fatty acids of the same energy value). Two small studies on fish oil suggest a possible modest benefit, but many outcomes were explored. A convincingly positive result from a much larger study with a publicly-registered protocol is needed before clinical practice can be influenced. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is no convincing evidence of the benefit of dietary supplements in eczema, and they cannot be recommended for the public or for clinical practice at present. Whilst some may argue that at least supplements do not do any harm, high doses of vitamin D may give rise to serious medical problems, and the cost of long-term supplements may also mount up. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005205.pub3 PMCID: PMC10657459 PMID: 22336810 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: None known.
6. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008 Feb;27(1):51-8. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719674. A comparison of fish oil, flaxseed oil and hempseed oil supplementation on selected parameters of cardiovascular health in healthy volunteers. Kaul N(1), Kreml R, Austria JA, Richard MN, Edel AL, Dibrov E, Hirono S, Zettler ME, Pierce GN. Author information: (1)Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6. OBJECTIVE: The impact of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the n-6 and n-3 series on the cardiovascular system is well documented. To directly compare the effects of three dietary oils (fish, flaxseed and hempseed) given in concentrations expected to be self-administered in the general population on specific cardiovascular parameters in healthy volunteers. DESIGN: 86 healthy male and female volunteers completed a 12 week double blinded, placebo controlled, clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Subjects were orally supplemented with two 1 gm capsules of placebo, fish oil, flaxseed oil or hempseed oil per day for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Plasma levels of the n-3 fatty acids docosahexanoic acid and eicosapentanoic acid increased after 3 months supplementation with fish oil. Alpha linolenic acid concentrations increased transiently after flaxseed supplementation. However, supplementation with hempseed oil did not significantly alter the concentration of any plasma fatty acid. The lipid parameters (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG) did not show any significant differences among the four groups. Oxidative modification of LDL showed no increase in lag time over the 12 wk period. None of the dietary interventions induced any significant change in collagen or thrombin stimulated platelet aggregation and no increase in the level of inflammatory markers was observed. CONCLUSION: From a consumer's perspective, ingesting 2 capsules of any of these oils in an attempt to achieve cardiovascular health benefits may not provide the desired or expected result over a 3 month period. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719674 PMID: 18460481 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
7. Eur J Nutr. 2006 Dec;45(8):470-7. doi: 10.1007/s00394-006-0621-z. Epub 2006 Nov 10. Effects of hempseed and flaxseed oils on the profile of serum lipids, serum total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations and haemostatic factors. Schwab US(1), Callaway JC, Erkkilä AT, Gynther J, Uusitupa MI, Järvinen T. Author information: (1)Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland. ursula.schwab@uku.fi BACKGROUND: Both hempseed oil (HO) and flaxseed oil (FO) contain high amounts of essential fatty acids (FAs); i.e. linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), but almost in opposite ratios. An excessive intake of one essential FA over the other may interfere with the metabolism of the other while the metabolisms of LA and ALA compete for the same enzymes. It is not known whether there is a difference between n-3 and n-6 FA of plant origin in the effects on serum lipid profile. AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the effects of HO and FO on the profile of serum lipids and fasting concentrations of serum total and lipoprotein lipids, plasma glucose and insulin, and haemostatic factors in healthy humans. METHODS: Fourteen healthy volunteers participated in the study. A randomised, double-blind crossover design was used. The volunteers consumed HO and FO (30 ml/day) for 4 weeks each. The periods were separated by a 4-week washout period. RESULTS: The HO period resulted in higher proportions of both LA and gamma-linolenic acid in serum cholesteryl esters (CE) and triglycerides (TG) as compared with the FO period (P < 0.001), whereas the FO period resulted in a higher proportion of ALA in both serum CE and TG as compared with the HO period (P < 0.001). The proportion of arachidonic acid in CE was lower after the FO period than after the HO period (P < 0.05). The HO period resulted in a lower total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio compared with the FO period (P = 0.065). No significant differences were found between the periods in measured values of fasting serum total or lipoprotein lipids, plasma glucose, insulin or hemostatic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of HO and FO on the profile of serum lipids differed significantly, with only minor effects on concentrations of fasting serum total or lipoprotein lipids, and no significant changes in concentrations of plasma glucose or insulin or in haemostatic factors. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-006-0621-z PMID: 17103080 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
8. Acta Pharm. 2024 May 30;74(2):301-313. doi: 10.2478/acph-2024-0014. Print 2024 Jun 1. Clinical application of hempseed or flaxseed oil-based lyotropic liquid crystals: Evaluation of their impact on skin barrier function. Vitek M(1), Matjaž MG(1). Author information: (1)1University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia. The principal function of skin is to form an effective barrier between the human body and its environment. Impaired barrier function represents a precondition for the development of skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), which is the most common inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction. AD significantly affects patients' quality of life, thus, there is a growing interest in the development of novel delivery systems that would improve therapeutic outcomes. Herein, eight novel lyotropic liquid crystals (LCCs) were investigated for the first time in a double-blind, interventional, before-after, single-group trial with healthy adult subjects and a twice-daily application regimen. LCCs consisted of constituents with skin regenerative properties and exhibited lamellar micro-structure, especially suitable for dermal application. The short- and long-term effects of LCCs on TEWL, SC hydration, erythema index, melanin index, and tolerability were determined and compared with baseline. LCCs with the highest oil content and lecithin/Tween 80 mixture stood out by providing a remarkable 2-fold reduction in TEWL values and showing the most distinctive decrease in skin erythema levels in both the short- and long-term exposure. Therefore, they exhibit great potential for clinical use as novel delivery systems for AD treatment, capable of repairing skin barrier function. © 2024 Mercedes Vitek et al., published by Sciendo. DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0014 PMID: 38815204 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
9. Trials. 2023 Mar 6;24(1):168. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-07059-1. Safety and efficacy comparison of polyethylene glycol, hemp seed oil, and 5% sugar brine for bowel preparation in older patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Zhu XW(#)(1), Yan J(#)(2)(3), Miao L(2), He YL(2), Wang HP(2)(3), Li X(4)(5)(6). Author information: (1)The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. (2)Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. (3)Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China. (4)The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. lxdr21@126.com. (5)Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. lxdr21@126.com. (6)Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China. lxdr21@126.com. (#)Contributed equally BACKGROUND: The incidence of colorectal cancer among the middle-aged and elderly is gradually increasing in China. Colonoscopy is an effective method for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and bowel preparation is one of many important factors affecting colonoscopy. Although there are many studies on intestinal cleansers, the results are not ideal. There is evidence that hemp seed oil has certain potential effects in intestinal cleansing, but prospective studies on this topic are still lacking. METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, single-center clinical study. We randomly assigned 690 participants to groups each administered 3 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG), 30 mL of hemp seed oil and 2 L of PEG, or 30 mL of hempseed oil, 2 L of PEG, and 1000 mL of 5% sugar brine. The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale was considered the primary outcome measure. We evaluated the interval between consumption of bowel preparation and first bowel movement. Secondary indicators included the time of cecal intubation, detection rate of polyps and adenomas, willingness to repeat the same bowel preparation, whether the protocol was tolerated, and whether there were adverse reactions during bowel preparation and were evaluated after counting the total number of bowel movements. DISCUSSION: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that hemp seed oil (30 mL) increases the quality of bowel preparation and reduces the amount of PEG. Previously, we found that its combination with 5% sugar brine can reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200057626. Prospectively registered on March 15, 2022. © 2023. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-07059-1 PMCID: PMC9990200 PMID: 36879331 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
10. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2024 Feb;9(1):282-292. doi: 10.1089/can.2022.0135. Epub 2022 Oct 14. A Single-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Benefits and Safety of Endourage Targeted Wellness Formula C Sublingual +Drops in People with Post-Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Syndrome. Young TP(1), Erickson JS(1), Hattan SL(1), Guzy S(2), Hershkowitz F(2), Steward MD(3). Author information: (1)Joel S Erickson, MD+Thomas P Young, PhD, NP, Inc., Novato, California, USA. (2)ProPharma, Inc., Hillsborough, New Jersey, USA. (3)Endourage, LLC, Wheatridge, Colorado, USA. Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a wide range of symptoms, including death. As persons recover, some continue to experience symptoms described as Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS). The objectives of this study were to measure the efficacy of Formula C™, a cannabidiol (CBD)-rich, whole-flower terpene-rich preparation in managing PACS symptoms. Materials and Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, open-label crossover study was conducted in 2021. Informed consent was obtained from participants, and they were randomized to two treatment groups. Group 1 (n=15) received blinded active product for 28 days, and Group 2 (n=16) received blinded placebo for 28 days (Treatment Period 1). Both groups crossed over to open-label active product for 28 days (Treatment Period 2) with a safety assessment at day 70. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) scores and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) score were used to assess primary and secondary objectives. Safety assessments were also done at each visit. Results: Twenty-four participants completed study, with 8 withdrawals, none related to study product. PGIC and PROMIS scores improved across both groups at day 28. This raised questions about the placebo. A reanalysis of the placebo confirmed absence of CBD and unexpected medical concentration of terpenes. The study continued despite no longer having a true placebo. The improved scores on outcome measures were maintained across the open label treatment period. There were no safety events reported throughout the study. Discussion: For persons with PACS who are nonresponsive to conventional therapies, this study demonstrated symptom improvement for participants utilizing Formula C. In addition, the benefits seen in Group 2 suggest the possibility that non-CBD formulations rich in antioxidants, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids, gamma-linoleic acid, and terpenes may also have contributed to the overall improvement of the partial active group through the study. Conclusion: Given that both groups demonstrated improvement, both formulations may be contributing to these findings. Limitations include the small number of participants, the lack of a true placebo, and limited time on study products. Additional studies are warranted to explore both CBD-rich hemp products and hempseed oil as treatment options for PACS. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04828668. DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0135 PMID: 36252151 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
11. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021 Jul;238(7):1965-1977. doi: 10.1007/s00213-021-05823-w. Epub 2021 Apr 4. Evaluating cannabidiol (CBD) expectancy effects on acute stress and anxiety in healthy adults: a randomized crossover study. Spinella TC(1), Stewart SH(1)(2), Naugler J(1), Yakovenko I(1)(2), Barrett SP(3)(4). Author information: (1)Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada. (2)Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada. (3)Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada. Sean.Barrett@dal.ca. (4)Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada. Sean.Barrett@dal.ca. RATIONALE: Cannabidiol (CBD) has been reported to attenuate stress and anxiety, but little is known about the extent to which such effects result from pharmacological versus expectancy factors. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether CBD expectancy alone could influence stress, anxiety, and mood, and the extent to which beliefs regarding CBD effects predicted these responses. METHODS: In this randomized crossover study, 43 health adults (23 women) attended two experimental laboratory sessions, where they self-administered CBD-free hempseed oil sublingually. During one session, they were (incorrectly) informed that the oil contained CBD and in the other session, that the oil was CBD-free. Following administration, participants engaged in the Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST). Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed continuously, and subjective state was assessed at baseline, 90-min following oil administration, immediately following the MAST, and after a 10-min recovery period. RESULTS: The CBD expectancy condition was associated with increased sedation as well as with changes in HRV that were consistent with heightened anticipatory stress regulation. Overall, there were no systematic changes in subjective stress, or anxiety, according to expectancy condition. However, participants who endorsed strong a priori beliefs that CBD has anxiolytic properties reported significantly diminished anxiety in the CBD expectancy condition. CONCLUSIONS: CBD expectancy alone impacted several subjective and physiological responses. Additionally, expectancy-related factors were implicated in anxiolytic effects of CBD for those who believed it was helpful for such purposes, emphasizing the need to measure and control for CBD-related expectancies in clinical research that involves the administration of CBD. DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05823-w PMCID: PMC8233292 PMID: 33813611 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests.
12. J Food Sci. 2012 Apr;77(4):S153-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02626.x. Epub 2012 Mar 19. Fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of table eggs from laying hens fed hempseed and hempseed oil. Goldberg EM(1), Gakhar N, Ryland D, Aliani M, Gibson RA, House JD. Author information: (1)Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Hempseed (HS) is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with approximately 17% of total fatty acids as alpha-linolenic acid. As such, HS and its oil may be used in hen diet formulations to produce eggs enriched in essential fatty acids. Because omega-3 eggs have the potential for unpleasant aromas and flavors, the current study was designed to assess the fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of eggs procured from hens consuming diets containing hempseed oil (HO) or HS. A total of 48 individually caged White Bovan hens received 1 of 6 diets containing 4%, 8%, 12% HO, 10%, 20% HS or 0% hemp (w/w) for 12 wk. Total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in the 12% HO group (15.3 mg/g of yolk) compared to the control (2.4 mg/g of yolk). Trained panellists (n= 8) found no significant differences (P≥ 0.05) in aroma or flavor between cooked eggs from different dietary treatments, with the exception of sweet flavor. The 4% HO group yielded the least sweet eggs compared to the 20% HS group, which was highest. For yolk color, L*, a*, and b* values (Mean ± SEM) for control eggs were 61.2 ± 0.10, 1.1 ± 0.05, and 43.0 ± 0.22, respectively. Addition of hemp led to significant (P < 0.001) reductions in L*, and significant increases in a* and b*, with the largest changes observed in the 20% HS treatment (L*= 58.7 ± 0.10; a*= 5.8 ± 0.05; b*= 60.5 ± 0.22). The results show that hemp use in hen diets leads to increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content and color intensity of egg yolks, but does not have adverse effects on the sensory profiles of the cooked eggs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides evidence that HS and hempseed oil (HO) can safely be utilized as feed ingredients for laying hens to produce table eggs that are enriched in essential fatty acids. Additionally, the eggs procured from these hens had similar aroma and flavor compared to eggs from hens not fed any hemp. The greater the dietary hemp inclusion, the more pigmented the resulting yolks became in terms of darkness, redness, and yellowness. © 2012 Institute of Food Technologists® DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02626.x PMID: 22429187 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
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