녹차 EGCG (체중)

Green Tea and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) for Cancer Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

1. Am J Chin Med. 2025;53(6):1755-1784. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X2550065X. Epub 2025 Aug 14. Green Tea and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) for Cancer Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Zhang Y(1)(2), Xu Q(1)(2), Hu J(1)(2), Zhang F(1)(3), Yu Y(1)(3), Ma L(1)(2). Author information:

Effects of Green Tea Extract Supplementation on Inflammatory Cytokines Among Postmenopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity-A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

1. Nutrients. 2026 Jan 1;18(1):143. doi: 10.3390/nu18010143. Effects of Green Tea Extract Supplementation on Inflammatory Cytokines Among Postmenopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity-A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Cunningham A(1), Gomes A(1), Meng L(2), Shapses S(3)(4), Byham-Gray L(1), Samavat H(1). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. (2)Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85724, USA. (3)Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. (4)Department of Medicine, Rutgers RWJ Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. Background: Excess adiposity induces low-grade inflammation, including increased C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Green tea contains epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), with anti-inflammatory potential. EGCG metabolism is influenced by individual variations in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotypes. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on circulating inflammatory cytokines among postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity and differing COMT genotypes. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a random subset (N = 97) from the Minnesota Green Tea Trial (MGTT), a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. The intervention was a high-dose GTE supplement (843 ± 44 mg EGCG/day) or placebo for 1 year. Serum CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured at 0, 6, and 12 months. Absolute changes in inflammatory cytokines from baseline to month 12 were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, physical activity, and vitamin supplement use. Results: The changes from month 0 to month 12 were not statistically different between the groups for any of the inflammatory cytokines measured. The overall treatment effect was not statistically significant for CRP (p = 0.24), IL-6 (p = 0.59), TNF-α (p = 0.36), nor for the interaction between treatment group and time (all Ps > 0.40). There was no significant interaction between treatment group and COMT genotype for the stated markers. Conclusions: A high-dose GTE supplement consumed daily for one year did not significantly decrease inflammatory cytokines among postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity. The COMT genotype did not modify the effects of GTE supplementation on inflammatory cytokines. Future studies with a larger sample size among those at high risk of systemic inflammation are warranted. DOI: 10.3390/nu18010143 PMCID: PMC12787635 PMID: 41515260 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this work.

The effects of a newly developed beverage powder supplement on anthropometric measures, body composition, metabolic syndrome components, and appetite in obese or overweight adults: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial study.

2. Trials. 2025 Oct 29;26(1):451. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-09180-3. The effects of a newly developed beverage powder supplement on anthropometric measures, body composition, metabolic syndrome components, and appetite in obese or overweight adults: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial study. Asghari P(1), Afshari A(1), Sadeghi T(2), Jafarzadeh Esfehani A(3), Talebi S(4), Nematy M(5)(6). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. (2)School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. (3)Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, The University Campus (Paradise Daneshgah), Azadi Square, Mashhad, 91779-48564, Iran. (4)Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. saeedehtalebi@gmail.com. (5)Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. NematyM@mums.ac.ir. (6)Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, The University Campus (Paradise Daneshgah), Azadi Square, Mashhad, 91779-48564, Iran. NematyM@mums.ac.ir. BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity result from excessive fat accumulation and pose significant global health challenges linked to various diseases. Recent research suggests that gut microbiota, particularly dysbiosis, is vital in obesity development. Next-generation probiotics, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, alongside compounds found in green tea extract and konjac glucomannan, offer promise in obesity management by enhancing gut microbiota balance and metabolic function. This research investigates a unique supplement that integrates these elements, proposing that it will outperform lifestyle changes alone in improving anthropometric measures, body composition, metabolic metrics, blood pressure, and appetite among overweight or obese adults. METHODS: This study will include 72 overweight or obese patients, who will be randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group within a randomized, triple-blind controlled clinical trial. The intervention group will consume 2 g of beverage sachets containing pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila, green tea extract, and konjac glucomannan three times daily. In comparison, the control group will take 2 g of microcrystalline cellulose three times daily for 8 weeks. Evaluations of anthropometry (body mass index, waist and hip circumference), body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, total body water, etc.), appetite using a visual analogue scale, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) will be conducted. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will provide evidence for the synergistic effects of Akkermansia muciniphila combined with prebiotics in the management of obesity and its associated metabolic states. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20250222064807N2) (2025/03/26). © 2025. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s13063-025-09180-3 PMCID: PMC12574152 PMID: 41163054 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate {24}: This study was designed in line with the national and international codes of ethics and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MUMS.MEDICAL.REC.1403.491). All participants will fill out a written informed consent before participation in the study. Consent for publication {32}: Not applicable. Competing interests {28}: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Synergistic Effects of Green Tea Extract and Ginger Supplementation on Endurance Performance and Thermal Perception in Normothermic and Cold Environments: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Trial.

3. Nutrients. 2025 Sep 13;17(18):2949. doi: 10.3390/nu17182949. Synergistic Effects of Green Tea Extract and Ginger Supplementation on Endurance Performance and Thermal Perception in Normothermic and Cold Environments: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Trial. Demirli A(1), Ulupınar S(2), Terzi M(3), Özbay S(2), Özkara AB(4), Gençoğlu C(2), Ouergui I(5)(6), Ardigò LP(7). Author information: (1)Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey. (2)Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey. (3)Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey. (4)Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey. (5)High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia. (6)Research Unit: Sport Sciences, Health and Movement, UR22JS01, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia. (7)Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, 0166 Oslo, Norway. Background/Objectives: This study assessed the individual and combined effects of green tea extract and ginger supplementation on endurance performance, metabolic responses, perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and muscle soreness in normothermic and cold environmental conditions. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind crossover trial, sixteen recreationally active males (age: 23.4 ± 0.4 years; VO2 max: 46.8 ± 2.8 mL/kg/min) were tested in eight conditions (placebo [maltodextrin], green tea [500 mg], ginger [1000 mg], combined), all in normothermic (21-24 °C) and cold (5-7 °C) environments. All supplements and the placebo were encapsulated in identical capsules to ensure blinding. Participants completed a submaximal time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test at 70% VO2 max on a cycle ergometer. TTE, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TSS), and muscle soreness via a visual analog scale (VAS), assessed 24 h post-exercise, were measured. Results: In normothermic condition, green tea and combined supplementation significantly increased TTE and reduced RER compared to the placebo (p < 0.05), and that combined supplementation lowered RPE relative to the placebo and ginger (all p < 0.05). In cold conditions, combined supplementation significantly enhanced TTE, reduced RER, and improved TSS compared to the placebo and ginger (p < 0.05), while all supplements decreased VAS relative to the placebo (p < 0.05). Ginger alone showed no significant effect on TTE or RER but improved TSS and VAS in cold compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). Cold placebo conditions exhibited significantly higher RPE and VAS than all normothermic conditions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Green tea enhances endurance and fat oxidation in normothermic conditions, while its combination with ginger can optimize performance, thermal comfort, and recovery in cold environments. These findings suggest a practical nutritional strategy for mitigating environmental stress during exercise, specific to the acute supplementation in males. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07150533). DOI: 10.3390/nu17182949 PMCID: PMC12472691 PMID: 41010475 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Effect of plant-based foods and (poly)phenol supplementation on gut-microbiota metabolism in participants with overweight or obesity and cardiometabolic risk: a study protocol for a single-blind, parallel and randomised controlled trial.

4. BMJ Open. 2025 Sep 16;15(9):e105461. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-105461. Effect of plant-based foods and (poly)phenol supplementation on gut-microbiota metabolism in participants with overweight or obesity and cardiometabolic risk: a study protocol for a single-blind, parallel and randomised controlled trial. Lanuza F(1), Romero-López C(2), Nova-Luna R(2), Cuyul-Vásquez I(3), Sáez-Venegas M(2), Guzmán N(2), Díaz-Velis L(2), Zamora-Ros R(4), Martínez-Huélamo M(5), Andrés-Lacueva C(5). Author information: (1)Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Universidad Catolica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile flanuza@uct.cl. (2)Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Universidad Catolica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile. (3)Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile. (4)Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Barcelona, Spain. (5)Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. INTRODUCTION: Dietary (poly)phenols have beneficial properties that may play a relevant role in the management of overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, modulating physiological and molecular pathways involved in energy metabolism, adiposity and gut microbiota-derived metabolites. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Prevention/Precision Diet in Araucanía (PREDIET-ARAC) trial is a randomised, single-blind, parallel arm, placebo-controlled, clinical trial designed to assess the potential health benefits of (poly)phenol intake through either diet or supplementation. The study will evaluate the effectiveness of a healthy plant-based diet (PBD) rich in (poly)phenols compared with (poly)phenol supplementation during a caloric restriction intervention.A total of 99 adults (aged 25-45 years) with overweight or obesity (body mass index: 25-35 kg/m²) and cardiovascular risk factors will be recruited from primary health centres in Temuco, Araucanía Region, Chile. Participants will be randomised (stratified by age: <35 vs ≥35 years, and sex) in a 1:1:1 ratio into one of three 12-week intervention groups, all undergoing a caloric deficit: (i) the PBD group follows a healthy hypocaloric PBD rich in (poly)phenols, (ii) supplementation group follows a healthy hypocaloric diet and receives polyphenol supplementation (≈26 g/day from maqui, green tea, olive oil leaf, cranberry and grape extracts, corresponding to ~800 mg/day of (poly)phenols) and (iii) control group that will receive a healthy hypocaloric diet with placebo supplementation. The primary outcome is body weight, while cardiometabolic risk factors serve as secondary outcomes.Dietary data will be collected using dedicated software through three 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline and post-intervention. (Poly)phenol intake will be estimated using the Phenol-Explorer database. The main data collection will include general and lifestyle questionnaires, anthropometric and bioimpedance measurements, blood pressure assessments using sphygmomanometers, physical activity monitoring through accelerometers and strength evaluations via dynamometry. Blood samples will be collected at both baseline and after 12 weeks. For the analysis of plasma metabolites, a large-scale targeted metabolomics approach will be employed, specifically utilising ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The healthy PBD will be primarily supplied by the food industry, encompassing a selection of regional and Latin American foods: blueberries, apple, nuts, olive oil and coffee. A descriptive and inferential statistical plan will be conducted, based on comparison tests, regression models and machine-learning algorithms. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This trial adheres to the Declaration of Helsinki and the CONSORT statement. Signed informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Ethical approval has been granted by the Ethical-Scientific Committee of the Health Service of Araucanía Sur, Chile (Approval No 11250095-58) and the Biosafety Committee of the Catholic University of Temuco. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and engagement with healthcare professionals and policymakers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06911346. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-105461 PMCID: PMC12443213 PMID: 40962336 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: FL reports receiving non-financial support for this study in the form of food and ingredient donations from CHISA S.A. (apple), the Chilean Blueberry Committee (blueberries), Grupo Hijuelas (hazelnuts), Olivo Capital (extra-virgin olive oil), Nestlé (coffee), MNL Group (maqui), Bayas del Sur (cranberry) and Nscipharma Group (grape extracts). These contributions were used exclusively for the implementation of the dietary and supplementation interventions in this clinical trial. No other conflicts of interest were declared. Related to the use of the SER-24HDR software, the information, analysis and opinions presented in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not represent, nor are they in any way linked to, the CIAPEC of the INTA, University of Chile.

Effects of Oligonol(®) Supplementation on Abdominal Fat in Japanese Overweight Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study.

5. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2025;71(4):357-365. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.71.357. Effects of Oligonol(®) Supplementation on Abdominal Fat in Japanese Overweight Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study. Takanari J(1), Misu M(1), Goto K(1), Shio T(1), Fukuchi Y(1), Fujii H(1), Nishihira J(2). Author information: (1)Amino Up Co., Ltd. (2)Faculty of Medical Informatics, Hokkaido Information University. Obesity is known to induce diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and reducing obesity is important from the perspective of disease prevention. Oligonol, a standardized oligomerized-polyphenol from Litchi chinensis fruit extract, is expected to have high absorption and body fat reduction. In this study, the effects of Oligonol intake on abdominal fat were examined in overweight Japanese participants. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed including 66 overweight adult men and women (body mass index [BMI] of 25 or more and less than 30 kg/m2) who were assigned to receive a daily dose of placebo or 200 mg Oligonol (40 mg as monomers and dimers of flavanols from lychee and tea) for 12 wk. The primary endpoint was a reduction of the visceral fat area (VFA) as quantified by computed tomography scanning after continual intake of test foods for 12 wk. In addition, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, peripheral blood tests, and general urinalysis were performed. Of 66 participants (33 per group), 63 were included in the efficacy analysis (placebo n=32; Oligonol n=31). Intake of 200 mg Oligonol significantly reduced abdominal VFA compared with the placebo group. No clinically relevant adverse events related to the intake of Oligonol were observed. These results indicate that Oligonol had the abdominal visceral fat reduction effect in overweight participants. DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.71.357 PMID: 40887285 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Evaluation of the Postprandial-Hyperglycemia-Suppressing Effects and Safety of Short-Term Intake of Mulberry Leaf and Water Chestnut Tea: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.

6. Nutrients. 2025 Jul 13;17(14):2308. doi: 10.3390/nu17142308. Evaluation of the Postprandial-Hyperglycemia-Suppressing Effects and Safety of Short-Term Intake of Mulberry Leaf and Water Chestnut Tea: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Shinkawa Y(1), Yasuda M(2), Nishida Y(3), Tokiya M(4), Takagi Y(4), Matsumoto A(4), Kawaguchi A(5), Hara M(3). Author information: (1)Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan. (2)Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nishikyushu University, Saga 842-8585, Japan. (3)Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan. (4)Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan. (5)Education and Research Center for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan. Background/Objectives: Postprandial hyperglycemia is a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, even in healthy individuals. Kanzaki mulberry leaf and water chestnut tea (MW tea), a blend of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves and water chestnut (Trapa japonica) leaves and husks, is rich in polyphenols and 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and may suppress postprandial glucose spikes, but evidence regarding its short-term daily intake is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the postprandial glycemic response and safety of two-week MW tea consumption using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover trial involving 31 participants. Each intervention period lasted two weeks, separated by a one-week washout. Participants consumed either MW tea or a placebo before meals. Interstitial glucose levels were measured every 15 min using CGM. Postprandial glucose responses were recorded every 15 min for 180 min after a standardized meal on the first day of each period. The primary outcome was the coefficient of variation (CV) in glucose levels, calculated using data from the central 10 days of each intervention period. Safety was assessed using CGM-derived hypoglycemia metrics and blood test results. Results: The CV of glucose levels during the MW tea period was significantly lower than during the placebo period (mean difference: 0.02, p = 0.0006). A significant reduction in 1 h postprandial glucose area under the curve was also observed. No significant differences were found in hypoglycemia occurrence, liver/renal/inflammatory markers, or self-reported adverse symptoms. Notably, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels significantly increased during MW tea intake, suggesting improved glycemic control. Conclusions: Short-term consumption of Kanzaki MW tea effectively suppressed postprandial glucose variability without safety concerns. These findings support MW tea as a promising natural supplement for glycemic management and the prevention of diabetes. DOI: 10.3390/nu17142308 PMCID: PMC12300009 PMID: 40732933 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Gut microbiota-targeted dietary supplementation with fermentable fibers and polyphenols prevents hypobaric hypoxia-induced increases in intestinal permeability.

7. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2025 Sep 1;329(3):R378-R399. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00109.2025. Epub 2025 Jul 23. Gut microbiota-targeted dietary supplementation with fermentable fibers and polyphenols prevents hypobaric hypoxia-induced increases in intestinal permeability. Karl JP(1), Fagnant HS(1), Radcliffe PN(1)(2), Wilson M(1), Karis AJ(1), Sayers B(3), Wijeyesekera A(3), Gibson GR(3), Lieberman HR(1), Giles GE(4), Soares JW(5). Author information: (1)Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States. (2)Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States. (3)Food and Microbial Sciences Unit, Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom. (4)Cognitive Science and Applications Branch, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts, United States. (5)Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts, United States. Interactions between the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier may contribute to the pathophysiology of high-altitude illnesses. This study aimed to determine the effects of targeting the gut microbiota using dietary supplementation with a blend of fermentable fibers and polyphenol sources on gut microbiota composition, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and intestinal function and permeability during hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Healthy adults participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Food products containing oligofructose-enriched inulin, galacto-oligosaccharide, high-amylose corn starch, cocoa, green tea and cranberry extracts, and blueberry powder (FP) or maltodextrin (placebo; PL) were consumed daily during three 2-wk phases separated by a ≥1-wk washout. During the final 36 h of each phase, participants resided in a hypobaric chamber simulating low (LA; 500 m) or high (HA; 4,300 m) altitude creating three experimental conditions: PL + LA, PL + HA, and FP + HA. Twenty-six participants completed ≥1 study phase and 13 [12 male; 21 ± 3 yr; body mass index (BMI) 25.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2] completed all three phases. Results demonstrated that FP mitigated hypoxia-induced increases in intestinal permeability within the small intestine and proximal colon while increasing Bifidobacterium relative abundance and decreasing gut microbiota α-diversity and colonic pH. Higher Bifidobacterium relative abundance and lower colonic pH were associated with greater reductions in intestinal permeability. However, FP did not alter fecal SCFA concentrations and increased gastrointestinal symptoms and altitude sickness during hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Findings suggest that targeting the gut microbiota with a combination of fermentable fibers and polyphenols can prevent hypobaric hypoxia-induced increases in intestinal permeability but that benefit does translate into a reduction in altitude illness symptoms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Dietary supplementation targeting the gut microbiota may provide novel approaches to improving physiologic responses to environmental stressors such as those experienced during sojourn at high terrestrial altitudes. This study demonstrated that gut microbiota-targeted dietary supplementation using a blend of fermentable fibers and polyphenol sources can prevent hypobaric hypoxia-induced decrements in intestinal permeability. Findings support the emerging concept that the gut microbiota may be a modifiable factor influencing physiologic responses in austere environments. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00109.2025 PMID: 40701649 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Associations between Diet and Cognitive Function in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

8. Adv Nutr. 2025 Jun;16(6):100440. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100440. Epub 2025 May 10. Associations between Diet and Cognitive Function in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Amanat S(1), Dordevic AL(2), Brodtmann A(3), Cardoso BR(4). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia. (2)Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia. (3)Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. (4)Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: barbara.cardoso@monash.edu. Poststroke cognitive decline is a major form of disability in stroke survivors. Although dietary interventions have shown potential in improving cognitive outcomes in stroke-free populations, their effects on stroke survivors remain unclear. This review aimed to evaluate associations between diet and cognitive function in stroke survivors. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CINHAL were searched for studies from inception to 16 December, 2024. Eligible articles were observational and interventional studies on adult stroke survivors that evaluated the association/effect of any nutritional exposure/intervention on cognitive performance and dementia risk. Studies were excluded when an intervention was combined with nonnutritional treatment. Random-effects meta-analysis was used for similar randomized clinical trials. This review included 20 clinical trials and 14 observational studies assessing the intake of energy and proteins and a variety of single nutrients, as well as dietary patterns, single foods, and phytochemicals. Meta-analyses revealed a positive effect of energy-protein supplementation on global cognition [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15, 1.08; P = 0.009], and a negative effect of B-vitamins (folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) (SMD: -0.40; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.08; P = 0.02). Adherence to the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay and plant-based diets, as well as higher consumption of fruits, milk, coffee, vitamin E, and selenium, were related to better cognitive outcomes; no significant association was observed for adherence to DASH and Mediterranean diets and consumption of vitamins D and C. Butter and sugar intake and calcium supplementation were associated with negative cognitive outcomes. Mixed results were seen for omega (ω)-3, tea, and plant extracts. The available evidence indicates that energy-protein supplementation may benefit cognition after stroke, whereas B-vitamin supplementation has no effect. The substantial heterogeneity among studies hinders conclusions about other dietary strategies. This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42024541785. Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100440 PMCID: PMC12164037 PMID: 40355028 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Effects of green tea supplementation on obesity indices and adipokines in adults: a grade-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

9. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jun;76(4):340-369. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2025.2496400. Epub 2025 May 6. Effects of green tea supplementation on obesity indices and adipokines in adults: a grade-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Dehzad MJ(1), Ghalandari H(2), Fahimzad FS(3), Maghsoudi Z(4), Makhtoomi M(5), Nouri M(6), Askarpour M(1). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (2)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (3)Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (4)Iranian Social Security Organization, Isfahan, Iran. (5)Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (6)Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. BACKGROUND: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the impact of green tea supplementation on measurement/indices of adiposity was investigated. METHODS: Using predefined keywords, online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant studies, published from inception up to February 2024. Data were extracted and registered. Subgroup analyses and the investigation of linear and non-linear associations were carried out. RESULTS: Green tea supplementation reduced BW (WMD: -0.74 kg; 95% CI: -0.97, -0.51), BMI (WMD: -0.29 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.19), WC (WMD: -1.04 cm; 95% CI: -1.55, -0.53), BFP (WMD: -0.65%; 95% CI: -1.03, -0.27), and leptin (WMD: -0.92 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.71, -0.14), but did not change adiponectin levels (WMD: 0.20 µg/ml; 95% CI: -0.17, 0.57). CONCLUSION: Supplementation with green tea seems to be effective in reducing excess adiposity. DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2025.2496400 PMID: 40326418 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Impact of flavan-3-ols on blood pressure and endothelial function in diverse populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

10. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025 Oct 10;32(14):1322-1334. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf173. Impact of flavan-3-ols on blood pressure and endothelial function in diverse populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lagou V(1), Greyling A(2), Ferruzzi MG(3), Skene SS(1), Dubost J(4), Demirkan A(1), Prokopenko I(1), Shlisky J(3), Rodriguez-Mateos A(5), Heiss C(1)(6). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK (Institution where work was performed). (2)Unilever Food Innovation Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. (3)Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. (4)Lipton Teas and Infusions Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. (5)Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK. (6)Vascular Medicine Department, East Surrey Hospital, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Canada Avenue, Redhill RH1 5RH, UK. AIMS: Flavan-3-ols, found in cocoa, tea, and certain fruits, show promise in improving blood pressure (BP) and vascular function, but are currently not used for cardiovascular prevention. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of flavan-3-ol-rich interventions on BP and endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS: PubMed was searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published 1946-03/2024 on BP and flow-mediated dilation after flavan-3-ol-rich food, beverage, or supplement intake. Random-effects meta-analysis of 109 publications including 145 RCTs and 5205 participants was performed (PROSPERO: CRD42023454691). Flavan-3-ol interventions included epicatechin, epigallocatechin-gallate, cocoa products, tea, grape extract, and apples delivering 586 mg (95% CI 510, 662) total flavan-3-ols. Interventions decreased office (-2.8 [95% CI -3.9, -1.7]/-2.0 [-2.6, -1.3] mmHg) and 24 h-ambulatory BP (-3.7 [-5.8, -1.6]/-2.6 [-4.5, -0.8] mmHg) after chronic repetitive consumption. Effects were larger with elevated and hypertensive baseline BP or categorical hypertension (office: -5.9 [-10.0, -1.8]/-2.7 [-4.4, -1.0] mmHg, 24 h ABP: -6.8 [-16.3, 2.8]/-5.1 [-12.5, 2.2] mmHg). Meta-regression analysis confirmed that the magnitude of BP lowering was inversely related to baseline BP, but not to proportion of participants with CVD, diabetes mellitus, and study duration across all studies, and was dose-dependently related to epicatechin dose only in cocoa studies. Flow-mediated dilation increased after acute (+2.0% [1.6, 2.3]) and repetitive (+1.7% [1.3, 2.2]) consumption independent of BP. Reported adverse events were minor and low (0.4%). The considerable heterogeneity of effect sizes (I2 > 50%) between studies was not explained by the investigated factors limiting the strength of evidence to 'moderate'. CONCLUSION: Flavan-3-ol-rich foods considerably reduce elevated BP and improve endothelial function independent of blood pressure supporting their use for cardiovascular prevention. Plain Language Summary: This analysis of 145 studies shows that foods containing high amounts of flavan-3-ols including tea, cocoa, apples, and grapes possess vascular health effects and should be considered for cardiovascular prevention.Flavan-3-ol-rich foods and supplements decrease blood pressure in particular in people with high blood pressure when consumed daily similar to medication.Improve the function of blood vessels after consumption. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf173 PMID: 40126033 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interest: A.G. is employed by Unilever, and J.D. is employed by Lipton Teas and Infusions. Both are companies that produce tea and/or food products of which some are marketed to fit in a healthy diet and lifestyle. C.H. has received research funding from Ageless Science, iThera, the Medical Research Council, the EPSRC, European Partnership on Metrology, co-financed from European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and UK Research and Innovation not related to the present work and honoraria for presentations by Bayer. C.H. is member of the board of the European Society of Vascular Medicine, president of the Vascular, Lipid and Metabolic Medicine Council of the Royal Society of Medicine, and chairperson-elect of the ESC WG Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases. A.R.M is the current chair of the Nutrition Society‘s Special Interest Group on Phytochemicals. I.P. has received research funding by the British HEart Foundation, Diabetes UK and European Commission not related to the present work.

Evaluating the Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in Reducing Folate Levels in Reproductive Aged Women by MTHFR and DHFR Genotype in Combination With Letrozole or Clomiphene.

11. Clin Transl Sci. 2025 Mar;18(3):e70189. doi: 10.1111/cts.70189. Evaluating the Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in Reducing Folate Levels in Reproductive Aged Women by MTHFR and DHFR Genotype in Combination With Letrozole or Clomiphene. Johnson JJ(1), Siblini H(2), Al-Hendy A(2), Segars JH(3), González F(4), Taylor HS(5), Singh B(3), Carson SA(5), Christman GM(6), Huang H(7), Dangi B(1), Zhang H(7). Author information: (1)Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. (2)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. (3)Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (4)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. (5)Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. (6)Center for Reproductive Medicine, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. (7)Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that green tea catechins, including Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, may be associated with reduced serum folate levels. This is of particular interest as women of childbearing age may be consuming EGCG from tea, dietary supplements, or involved in active clinical trials studying EGCG or green tea extract. EGCG was reported to shrink uterine fibroids in preclinical and clinical studies. This observation led to the development of a multicenter NICHD-funded clinical trial to evaluate the safety of EGCG for treating women with fibroids and unexplained infertility (NCT04177693). To answer the question of whether green tea extract standardized to EGCG led to a reduction in folate, 39 women aged ≥ 18 to ≤ 40 years, with/without uterine fibroids, were evaluated. These women were randomized to receive either EGCG, EGCG + clomiphene, or EGCG + letrozole for 30 days. A daily dose of 720 mg of highly characterized green tea extract containing EGCG was used. Participants were genotyped for polymorphisms at positions 677 and 1298 in MTHFR and for the -19 bp deletion polymorphism of DHFR. During the intervention with EGCG, folate levels remained in the normal range in all subjects. Our data suggest that in reproductive-age women, a 30-day course of EGCG 720 mg daily taken alone or in combination with clomiphene citrate or letrozole (for 5 days) is well-tolerated and is not associated with folate deficiency even in the presence of MTHFR and/or DHFR polymorphisms known to negatively impact folate synthesis. Trial Registration: Clinical trial: NCT01311869. © 2025 The Author(s). Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. DOI: 10.1111/cts.70189 PMCID: PMC11903501 PMID: 40077973 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: A.A.‐H. is serving as a consultant for OBS‐EVA, Myovant, Pfizer, Bayer, and previously for AbbVie, Novartis, and Crila. J.J.J. is serving as a consultant for Wholesome Nutritionals. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Polyphenol Intervention Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Updated Comprehensive Systematic Review.

12. Nutrients. 2024 Nov 29;16(23):4150. doi: 10.3390/nu16234150. Polyphenol Intervention Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Updated Comprehensive Systematic Review. Ranneh Y(1), Bedir AS(2), Abu-Elsaoud AM(3), Al Raish S(4). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates. (2)Department of Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates. (3)Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia. (4)Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently emerged as a challenging metabolic disorder with a strong emphasis on its prevention and management. Polyphenols, a group of naturally occurring plant compounds, have been associated with a decreased risk of various metabolic disorders related to NAFLD. The current systematic review aims to critically assess evidence about the ameliorative effect of polyphenol supplementation on NAFLD patients. A PRISMA systematic search appraisal was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and all relevant studies published prior to April 2024 and met the inclusion criteria were included. Twenty-nine randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comprised 1840 NAFLD patients. The studies primarily examined eleven phenolic compounds, including turmeric, curcumin, resveratrol, genistein, catechin, green tea extract, hesperidin, and silymarin. Turmeric and curcumin decreased liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and NAFLD score, while resveratrol did not present consistent results across all the studies. Most studies on silymarin showed a reduction in liver enzymes and lipid profile; however, no changes were observed in inflammatory cytokine levels. The dietary supplementation of hesperidin and naringenin or green tea extract caused improvements in liver enzyme, lipid profile, and inflammatory cytokine, while genistein supplementation did not modulate blood lipid profile. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of polyphenols could potentially prevent and ameliorate NAFLD. Still, the inconsistent results across the included RCTs require further clinical research to establish optimal dosage and duration. DOI: 10.3390/nu16234150 PMCID: PMC11644642 PMID: 39683546 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Effects of aged garlic extract on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

13. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2024 Dec;175:106914. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106914. Epub 2024 Oct 20. Effects of aged garlic extract on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Saadh MJ(1), Kariem M(2), Shukla M(3), Ballal S(4), Kumar A(5), Chahar M(6), Saini S(7), Kapila I(8), Hasaanzadeh S(9). Author information: (1)Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan. (2)Department of medical analysis, Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic ‎University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of medical analysis, Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic ‎University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; Department of medical analysis, Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic ‎University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq. (3)Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat 360003, India. (4)Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be ‎University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India. (5)School of Pharmacy-Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Pharmacy, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India. (6)Department of Chemistry, NIMS Institute of Engineering & Technology, NIMS University ‎Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. (7)Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of ‎Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India. (8)Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and ‎Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India. (9)Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Electronic address: shirinhasanzadeh564@gmail.com. BACKGROUND: There is no consensus based on the existing literature regarding the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on blood pressure. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize existing data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the impact of AGE supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. METHODS: We searched English web databases including, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science until August 2024. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95 % CI for the outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, nine RCTs with584 participants met inclusion criteria. AGE tea supplementation reduces systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD: -4.03; %95CI: -6.87, -1.20; I2: 57.1 %) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -1.44; 95 % CI= -2.87, -0.02; P = 0.052; I2: 36.8 %; P: 0.105). Moreover, subgroup analysis indicated that higher doses of AGE supplementation in hypertensive patients significantly decreased DBP, and SBP. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that AGE supplements may be beneficial for improving blood pressure in hypertensive patients, but significant effects are observed only at doses over 1200 mg/day. To confirm these results, well-designed future trials will be needed. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106914 PMID: 39437887 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest There are no conflicts to declare.

Acute, dose-response effects of guayusa leaf extract on mood, cognitive and motor-cognitive performance, and blood pressure, heart rate, and ventricular repolarization.

14. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2024 Dec;21(1):2379424. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2379424. Epub 2024 Jul 16. Acute, dose-response effects of guayusa leaf extract on mood, cognitive and motor-cognitive performance, and blood pressure, heart rate, and ventricular repolarization. Helwig NJ(1), Schwager LE(1), Berry AC(1), Zucker AC(1), Venenga JS(1), Sterbenz SC(1), Jenkins NDM(1)(2). Author information: (1)University of Iowa, Department of Health and Human Physiology, Iowa City, IA, USA. (2)University of Iowa, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA. PURPOSE: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in young adults to examine the dose-dependent (600 mg versus 1200 mg), acute effects of consumption of an Ilex guayusa tea extract (GLE) on mood, cognitive and motor-cognitive performance, as well as its acute cardiovascular effects. METHODS: Twenty-five adults (mean ± SD, age = 28 ± 7 y; 9 M/16 F) completed familiarization and then three randomly ordered experimental visits where they consumed either 600 mg (GLE600) or 1200 mg (GLE1200) GLE or placebo (PLA). Following supplement consumption, participants completed a mood state survey, assessments of perceived jitteriness, energy, and focus, and neurocognitive and motor-cognitive testing. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and QT interval length were determined before and after supplementation. RESULTS: GLE600 significantly improved total mood disturbance (mean ± SE difference = -6.9 ± 2.6 au, p = 0.034), fatigue-inertia (-2.84 ± 0.89 au, p = 0.008), perceived energy (+13.00 ± 4.49 au; p = 0.02), motor speed (+4.52 ± 1.42 au, p = 0.008), and psychomotor speed (+7.20 ± 2.16 au, p = 0.005) relative to PLA. GLE1200 also improved psychomotor speed (+5.08 ± 2.16 ms, p = 0.045) and uniquely increased motor-cognitive performance as reflected by a decrease in reaction time (-0.106 ± 0.04 ms, p = 0.026) during a neurocognitive hop test. The effect of GLE on jitteriness was both dose- and sex-dependent. Jitteriness increased with increasing GLE dose in women only (p < 0.001). Both GLE600 and GLE1200 similarly increased systolic and diastolic BP by 4-5 mmHg (p ≤ 0.022). Neither GLE600 nor GLE1200 acutely influenced QTc length (p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: The goal of GLE supplementation should be considered when selecting a dosing strategy. Lower dosages of GLE (e.g. 600 mg) appear to optimize cognitive and mood-related outcomes while limiting side-effects such as jitteriness in women, and higher dosages may be necessary (e.g. 1200 mg) to promote improvements in motor-cognitive performance. DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2379424 PMCID: PMC11257001 PMID: 39014963 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Nutraceuticals and Pain Disorders of the Gut-Brain Interaction in Infants and Children: A Narrative Review and Practical Insights.

15. Nutrients. 2024 Jan 25;16(3):349. doi: 10.3390/nu16030349. Nutraceuticals and Pain Disorders of the Gut-Brain Interaction in Infants and Children: A Narrative Review and Practical Insights. Salvatore S(1), Carlino M(2), Sestito S(2), Concolino D(2), Agosti M(1), Pensabene L(2). Author information: (1)Pediatric Department, Hospital "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy. (2)Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. Different nutraceuticals are often considered by parents of infants and children with abdominal pain and disorders of the gut-brain interaction. Herb extracts and natural compounds have long been used in traditional medicine, but clinical pediatric trials are very limited. This narrative review based on relevant studies identified through a search of the literature in Pubmed and Medline updated to October 2023 focused on the effect of nutraceuticals in infantile colic, functional abdominal pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents. Significant reductions in colic episodes and crying time were reported in two studies on fennel (seeds oil or tea), in three studies on different multiple herbal extracts (all including fennel), in one study on Mentha piperita, and in at least two double-blind randomized controlled studies on Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 (108 CFU/day for at least 21 days) in breast-fed infants. Compared to a placebo, in children with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome, a significant reduction in pain was reported in two studies supplementing peppermint oil capsules or psyllium fibers, and in one study on corn fiber cookies, partial hydrolyzed guar gum, a specific multiple herbal extract (STW-5), or vitamin D supplementation. To date, there is moderate-certainty evidence with a weak grade of recommendation on Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (108 CFU/day) in reducing pain intensity in children with functional abdominal pain and for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (1-3 × 109 CFU twice daily) in reducing pain frequency and intensity in children with IBS. Further large and well-designed pediatric studies are needed to prove the efficacy and safety of different herbal extracts and prolonged use of studied products in infants and children with pain disorders of the gut-brain interaction. DOI: 10.3390/nu16030349 PMCID: PMC10856962 PMID: 38337634 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.