생강차

A Critical Approach to Evaluating Clinical Efficacy, Adverse Events and Drug Interactions of Herbal Remedies.

1. Phytother Res. 2016 May;30(5):691-700. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5591. Epub 2016 Feb 17. A Critical Approach to Evaluating Clinical Efficacy, Adverse Events and Drug Interactions of Herbal Remedies. Izzo AA(1), Hoon-Kim S(2), Radhakrishnan R(3), Williamson EM(4). Author information: (1)Department of P

Effectiveness and safety of steamed ginger extract on mild osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

2. Food Funct. 2024 Sep 16;15(18):9512-9523. doi: 10.1039/d4fo01640h. Effectiveness and safety of steamed ginger extract on mild osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Baek HI(1)(2), Shen L(3), Ha KC(2), Park YK(2), Kim CS(4), Kwon JE(5), Park SJ(6). Auth

JI-CJ002, a Natural Herbal Formula, Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of FOLFOX in Colorectal Cancer by Suppressing the DDR Pathway.

3. Anticancer Res. 2025 Nov;45(11):4987-5000. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.17841. JI-CJ002, a Natural Herbal Formula, Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of FOLFOX in Colorectal Cancer by Suppressing the DDR Pathway. Kim MW(#)(1), Kim D(#)(1), Lee SE(1), Ahn J(1), Park B(1), Cheon C(1)(2)(3), Ko SG(4)(2

Effect of coadministration of enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) on cardiometabolic outcomes in type-2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

4. J Ginseng Res. 2021 Sep;45(5):546-554. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.11.005. Epub 2019 Nov 14. Effect of coadministration of enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) on cardiometabolic outcomes in type-2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Jovan

Efficacy of Ginger for Alleviating the Symptoms of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

5. Pain Med. 2015 Dec;16(12):2243-55. doi: 10.1111/pme.12853. Epub 2015 Jul 14. Efficacy of Ginger for Alleviating the Symptoms of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Daily JW(1), Zhang X(2), Kim DS(2), Park S(2). Author information: (1)Dept

The effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for treating cancer-related fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

6. Support Care Cancer. 2014 May;22(5):1429-40. doi: 10.1007/s00520-014-2161-z. Epub 2014 Mar 8. The effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for treating cancer-related fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Lee S(1), Jerng UM, Liu Y, Kang JW, Nam D, Lee JD. Author information: (1)Depa

Efficacy and Safety of Ginger on the Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

7. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 24;23(19):11267. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911267. Efficacy and Safety of Ginger on the Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Kim SD(1)(2), Kwag EB(1)(3), Yang MX(2), Yoo HS(4). Author information: (1)College of Korean M

Ginger as an antiemetic modality for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

8. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2013 Mar;40(2):163-70. doi: 10.1188/13.ONF.163-170. Ginger as an antiemetic modality for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lee J(1), Oh H. Author information: (1)College of Nursing, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea. jiyeonest@ho

Efficacy and Safety of Steamed Ginger Extract for Body Weight and Body Fat Reduction in Overweight Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

1. Nutrients. 2026 Jan 22;18(2):366. doi: 10.3390/nu18020366. Efficacy and Safety of Steamed Ginger Extract for Body Weight and Body Fat Reduction in Overweight Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Kwon JE(1), Lee YG(1)(2), Kim I(3), Bae J(4), Kang SC(1), Baek HI(5). Author information: (1)Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea. (2)Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center for Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea. (3)Genencell Co., Ltd., Yongin 16950, Republic of Korea. (4)3H LABS Research Institute, 3H LABS Co., Ltd., Goyang 10391, Republic of Korea. (5)Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea. OBJECTIVE: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessed the efficacy and safety of steamed ginger extract (GGE03), standardized to high levels of 1-dehydro-6-gingerdione (GD), in reducing body fat and weight among overweight individuals. METHODS: Eighty adults aged 18 to 60 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2, were randomly assigned to receive either GGE03 (n = 40; 480 mg/day) or a placebo (n = 40) for 12 weeks. Efficacy and safety parameters were evaluated at baseline and after the intervention period. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, the GGE03 group showed statistically significant reductions in body fat percentage and body fat mass compared to the placebo group, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Additionally, significant decreases in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference were observed following GGE03 supplementation. Serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were also significantly lower in the GGE03 group compared to the placebo group. No product-related adverse events or clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were noted, indicating that GGE03 was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of GGE03 supplementation were associated with statistically significant improvements in body composition and lipid parameters without safety concerns. These findings support the potential of GD-standardized GGE03 as a well-tolerated functional dietary ingredient for body fat management and metabolic health. DOI: 10.3390/nu18020366 PMCID: PMC12845275 PMID: 41599979 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Inhye Kim is an employee of Genencell Co., Ltd., and Jaewoo Bae is an employee of 3H LABS Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare no commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Supplementation and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease - A Systematic Review.

2. J Diet Suppl. 2026;23(1):118-149. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2025.2583512. Epub 2025 Nov 6. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Supplementation and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease - A Systematic Review. Rjabi S(1), Dabirian N(2), Amani-Beni R(3), Taghavi M(4), Askarpour M(5). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical Nutrition, Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (2)Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. (3)Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (4)MSc in Midwifery Counseling, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. (5)Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most widely used plant extracts and has been associated with improvements in biomarkers relevant to cardiovascular disease. Given the global burden of cardiovascular disease, this systematic review of randomized controlled trials aimed to evaluate the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar was performed up to January 2025 to identify eligible RCTs evaluating ginger supplementation. Outcomes included lipid profile, glycemic markers, blood pressure, inflammatory indicators, and liver enzymes. Data were pooled using weighted mean differences (WMDs). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Forty-one RCTs were included. Ginger supplementation was effective in improving FBS (WMD = -12.79 mg/dL; 95% CI = -18.57), insulin (WMD = -1.33 µIU/ml; 95% CI = -1.94, -0.71), HOMA-IR (WMD = -0.51; 95% CI = -0.68, -0.33), HbA1c (WMD = -0.68%; 95% CI = -1.00, -0.36), TG (WMD = -11.98 mg/dL; 95% CI = -23.27, -0.69), LDL (WMD = -4.55 mg/dL; 95% CI = -8.43, -0.68), HDL (WMD = 0.80 mg/dL; 95% CI = 0.01, 1.59), SBP (WMD = -2.72 mmHg; 95% CI = -5.25, -0.19), and ICAM-1 (WMD = -20.26 ng/ml; 95% CI = -40.49, -0.03). Ginger supplementation was not effective on the remaining outcomes. Ginger supplementation may improve several biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, with stronger effects in unhealthy individuals. Further studies are required to establish a clear cutoff for optimal dosage and intervention duration. DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2025.2583512 PMID: 41195902 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ginger supplementation in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

3. Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Dec;33(12):7197-7216. doi: 10.1007/s10787-025-01994-6. Epub 2025 Oct 22. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ginger supplementation in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Rjabi S(1), Barbarz H(2), Makhtoomi M(3), Ahmadi MR(4), Najafi HZ(2), Talakesh S(5), Nouri M(6), Askarpour M(7). Author information: (1)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (2)Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (3)Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (4)School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (5)Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (6)Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. (7)Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. askarpourmoein1994@gmail.com. BACKGROUND: Disturbance of inflammatory/oxidative status of the body is an important player in chronic disease pathophysiology. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) supplementation has been vastly investigated in this regard. The present dose-response meta-analysis is aimed at summing up the findings of existing literature. METHODS: Online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on ginger supplementation. Outcome variables included: C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Findings were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs). Subgroup analysis was conducted. Linear and non-linear associations between dosage/duration of intervention and the observed effects were assessed. Protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251011148(. RESULTS: Twenty-nine RCTs were included. Our findings show that ginger supplementation improves all inflammation/anti-oxidant biomarkers, as follows: CRP (WMD = -0.86 mg/L; 95% CI = - 1.10, - 0.62), TNF-α (WMD = - 1.90 pg/mL; 95% CI = - 2.61, - 1.18), IL-6 (WMD = - 1.15 pg/mL; 95% CI = - 1.90, - 0.41), TAC (WMD = 0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.38), MDA (WMD = - 0.76 mcmol/L; 95% CI = - 1.19, - 0.33), and SOD (WMD = 48.12 u/L; 95% CI = 30.57, 65.58). CONCLUSION: The effect of ginger on IL-6 seems to associate with the dosage and duration of intervention in a non-linear fashion. Ginger supplementation may improve inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers, particularly in individuals with underlying health conditions. Given the high heterogeneity among studies, findings should be interpreted cautiously. © 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. DOI: 10.1007/s10787-025-01994-6 PMID: 41123858 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest. Ethical approval: Not applicable.

Impact of ginger supplementation on obesity indices and Adipokine profiles in adults: A GRADE-based systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

4. Complement Ther Med. 2025 Nov;94:103260. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2025.103260. Epub 2025 Oct 14. Impact of ginger supplementation on obesity indices and Adipokine profiles in adults: A GRADE-based systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rjabi S(1), Seyedhatami SS(2), Makhtoomi M(3), Ahmadi MR(4), Alimohamadi S(5), Aliabadi E(6), Talakesh S(7), Nouri M(8), Zamani B(9), Askarpour M(10). Author information: (1)Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (2)Resident of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran. (3)Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (4)Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (5)Midwifery of Savadkuh Health Network, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. (6)Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran. (7)Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (8)Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. (9)Pediatric Gastroentrology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: behzadzamani72@gmail.com. (10)Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Electronic address: askarpouremoein1994@gmail.com. BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are major health concerns. The impact of ginger on weight has been studied. In the present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis we aim to sum up the findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of ginger on various weight measurements/indices. METHODS: Several databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar) were comprehensively searched. Relevant studies were selected using defined criteria. Outcomes included: body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BFP), adiponectin and leptin. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and confidence interval (CI) were reported. Subgroup analysis was carried out. Linear and non-linear associations, based on dosage and duration of interventions, were investigated. RESULTS: Thirty-six RCTs were included. Ginger supplementation significantly improved WC (WMD: -0.65 cm, 95 % CI: -1.07, -0.24), BFP (WMD: -1.49 %, 95 % CI: -2.65, -0.32), and serum adiponectin levels (WMD = 0.84 μg/mL; 95 % CI: 0.01). Other measurements were not improved by the intervention. An inverse, linear association was found between the duration of intervention and changes in BW (BW: coefficient = -0.471, P = 0.001). Also, a non-linear direct association was observed between ginger dosages and WC (P-nonlinearity = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Ginger supplementation does not seem effective in improving major measurements/indices of weight, including body weight and BMI. However, ameliorations in other measurements of local adiposity, findings from subgroup analyses, and investigations of linear and non-linear association on dosage and duration, indicate that further studies with longer intervention periods are needed to make a conclusive decision. Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2025.103260 PMID: 41101746 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Synergistic Effects of Green Tea Extract and Ginger Supplementation on Endurance Performance and Thermal Perception in Normothermic and Cold Environments: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Trial.

5. Nutrients. 2025 Sep 13;17(18):2949. doi: 10.3390/nu17182949. Synergistic Effects of Green Tea Extract and Ginger Supplementation on Endurance Performance and Thermal Perception in Normothermic and Cold Environments: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Trial. Demirli A(1), Ulupınar S(2), Terzi M(3), Özbay S(2), Özkara AB(4), Gençoğlu C(2), Ouergui I(5)(6), Ardigò LP(7). Author information: (1)Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey. (2)Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey. (3)Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey. (4)Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey. (5)High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia. (6)Research Unit: Sport Sciences, Health and Movement, UR22JS01, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia. (7)Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, 0166 Oslo, Norway. Background/Objectives: This study assessed the individual and combined effects of green tea extract and ginger supplementation on endurance performance, metabolic responses, perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and muscle soreness in normothermic and cold environmental conditions. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind crossover trial, sixteen recreationally active males (age: 23.4 ± 0.4 years; VO2 max: 46.8 ± 2.8 mL/kg/min) were tested in eight conditions (placebo [maltodextrin], green tea [500 mg], ginger [1000 mg], combined), all in normothermic (21-24 °C) and cold (5-7 °C) environments. All supplements and the placebo were encapsulated in identical capsules to ensure blinding. Participants completed a submaximal time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test at 70% VO2 max on a cycle ergometer. TTE, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TSS), and muscle soreness via a visual analog scale (VAS), assessed 24 h post-exercise, were measured. Results: In normothermic condition, green tea and combined supplementation significantly increased TTE and reduced RER compared to the placebo (p < 0.05), and that combined supplementation lowered RPE relative to the placebo and ginger (all p < 0.05). In cold conditions, combined supplementation significantly enhanced TTE, reduced RER, and improved TSS compared to the placebo and ginger (p < 0.05), while all supplements decreased VAS relative to the placebo (p < 0.05). Ginger alone showed no significant effect on TTE or RER but improved TSS and VAS in cold compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). Cold placebo conditions exhibited significantly higher RPE and VAS than all normothermic conditions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Green tea enhances endurance and fat oxidation in normothermic conditions, while its combination with ginger can optimize performance, thermal comfort, and recovery in cold environments. These findings suggest a practical nutritional strategy for mitigating environmental stress during exercise, specific to the acute supplementation in males. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07150533). DOI: 10.3390/nu17182949 PMCID: PMC12472691 PMID: 41010475 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Factors Influencing Clinical Trials of Herbal Medicinal Products - Using Ginger as Example.

6. Planta Med. 2025 Dec;91(15):880-890. doi: 10.1055/a-2686-6315. Epub 2025 Sep 8. Factors Influencing Clinical Trials of Herbal Medicinal Products - Using Ginger as Example. Hook I(1)(2), Krenn L(2)(3), Steinhoff B(2), Wolfram E(2)(4). Author information: (1)School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. (2)ESCOP, Notaries House, Exeter, UK. (3)Division of Pharmacognosy, University Vienna, Austria. (4)Natural Products and Phytopharmacy Research Group, Institute of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has a global use as a spice, an ingredient of beverages, food supplements (syn. dietary supplements), as well as herbal medicinal products. Since the last update of ginger in ESCOP Monographs in 2009 a significant number of papers concerning its bioactive constituents and clinical uses have been published. From this large number and selecting those references (almost 500) considered most relevant to clinical aspects and therapeutic indications, the following issues are considered to be potentially important to research on other medicinal plants: [i] quality assessment; [ii] pre-clinical (in vivo) studies; [iii] quality of clinical trials; [iv] ethnicity of clinical trial participants and [v] effects of sex-gender on activity and therapeutic indications. Thieme. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1055/a-2686-6315 PMID: 40921184 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplements in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis.

7. Nutrients. 2025 Aug 3;17(15):2547. doi: 10.3390/nu17152547. Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplements in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis. Zhang Y(1), Gui Y(2), Adams R(2)(3), Farragher J(4), Itsiopoulos C(4), Bow K(4), Cai M(2), Han J(1)(2). Author information: (1)Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. (2)College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China. (3)Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia. (4)School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that can greatly affect quality of life in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Nutritional supplements are increasingly used for KOA due to their low risk, but direct comparative evidence on their efficacy and safety remains scarce. This study aimed to systematically compare the effectiveness and safety of seven common nutritional supplements for KOA. Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched through December 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating use of eggshell membrane, vitamin D, Boswellia, curcumin, ginger, krill oil, or collagen, versus placebo, in adults with KOA. Primary outcomes included changes in scores for WOMAC pain, stiffness and function, and pain visual analog scale (VAS). Adverse events were also assessed. Bayesian network meta-analyses estimated ranking probabilities for each intervention. Results: In total, 39 RCTs (42 studies; 4599 patients) were included. Compared with placebo, Boswellia showed significant improvements in WOMAC pain (mean difference [MD] = 10.58, 95% CI: 6.45 to 14.78, p < 0.05), stiffness (MD = 9.47, 95% CI: 6.39 254 to 12.74, p < 0.05), function (MD = 14.00, 95% CI: 7.74 to 20.21, p < 0.05), and VAS pain (MD = 17.26, 95% CI: 8.06 to 26.52, p < 0.05). Curcumin, collagen, ginger, and krill oil also demonstrated benefits in some outcomes. No supplement was associated with increased adverse events compared to placebo. Bayesian rankings indicated Boswellia had the highest probability of being most effective for pain and stiffness, with krill oil and curcumin showing potential for function improvement. Conclusions: Nutritional supplements, particularly Boswellia, appear to be effective and well-tolerated for improving KOA symptoms and function. These results suggest that certain supplements may be useful as part of non-pharmacological KOA management. However, further large-scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm these findings, particularly those that include more standardized dosages and formulations, as well as to evaluate their long-term efficacy. DOI: 10.3390/nu17152547 PMCID: PMC12348802 PMID: 40806131 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Effects of Ginger Supplementation on Markers of Inflammation and Functional Capacity in Individuals with Mild to Moderate Joint Pain.

8. Nutrients. 2025 Jul 18;17(14):2365. doi: 10.3390/nu17142365. Effects of Ginger Supplementation on Markers of Inflammation and Functional Capacity in Individuals with Mild to Moderate Joint Pain. Broeckel J(1), Estes L(1), Leonard M(1), Dickerson BL(1), Gonzalez DE(1), Purpura M(2), Jäger R(2), Sowinski RJ(1), Rasmussen CJ(1), Kreider RB(1). Author information: (1)Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. (2)Increnovo LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI 53217, USA. Background: Ginger contains gingerols, shagaols, paradols, gingerdiones, and terpenes, which have been shown to display anti-inflammatory properties and inhibit pain receptors. For this reason, ginger has been marketed as a natural analgesic. This study examined whether a specialized ginger extract obtained through supercritical CO2 extraction and subsequent fermentation affects pain perception, functional capacity, and markers of inflammation. Methods: Thirty men and women (56.0 ± 9.0 years, 164.4 ± 14 cm, 86.5 ± 20.9 kg, 31.0 ± 7.5 kg/m2) with a history of mild to severe joint and muscle pain as well as inflammation participated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-arm study. Participants donated fasting blood, completed questionnaires, rated pain in the thighs to standardized pressure, and then completed squats/deep knee bends, while holding 30% of body mass, for 3 sets of 10 repetitions on days 0, 30, and 56 of supplementation. Participants repeated tests after 2 days of recovery following each testing session. Participants were matched by demographics and randomized to ingest 125 mg/d of a placebo or ginger (standardized to contain 10% total gingerols and no more than 3% total shogaols) for 58 days. Data were analyzed by a general linear model (GLM) analysis of variance with repeated measures, mean changes from the baseline with 95% confidence intervals, and chi-squared analysis. Results: There was evidence that ginger supplementation attenuated perceptions of muscle pain in the vastus medialis; improved ratings of pain, stiffness, and functional capacity; and affected several inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-6, INF-ϒ, TNF-α, and C-Reactive Protein concentrations), particularly following two days of recovery from resistance exercise. There was also evidence that ginger supplementation increased eosinophils and was associated with less frequent but not significantly different use of over-the-counter analgesics. Conclusions: Ginger supplementation (125 mg/d, providing 12.5 mg/d of gingerols) appears to have some favorable effects on perceptions of pain, functional capacity, and inflammatory markers in men and women experiencing mild to moderate muscle and joint pain. Registered clinical trial #ISRCTN74292348. DOI: 10.3390/nu17142365 PMCID: PMC12297875 PMID: 40732990 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The sponsor was not involved in data collection, statistical analysis of the data, or the decision to publish the data.

Evaluation of Adverse Effects and Tolerability of Dietary Ginger Supplementation in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia.

9. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2025 Apr 14;102:100792. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100792. eCollection 2025. Evaluation of Adverse Effects and Tolerability of Dietary Ginger Supplementation in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia. Aregawi LG(1)(2), Zoltan C(3). Author information: (1)Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. (2)Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia. (3)Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. BACKGROUND: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent upper gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic or recurrent symptoms, including epigastric pain, bloating, and nausea. Ginger (Zingiber officinale), a natural dietary supplement traditionally used to relieve gastrointestinal discomfort, has limited evidence regarding its safety and tolerability in patients with FD. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and adverse effects of ginger supplementation in patients with FD. METHODS: This open-label clinical trial was conducted at the Internal Medicine Outpatient Department, University of Debrecen. This study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Debrecen (registry reference number: DE RKEB/IKEB 5622-2020). All participants provided written informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Fifty patients with FD were initially enrolled, and 47 participants completed the study. Ginger supplementation was administered at a dose of 1080 mg/d in divided doses over 8 weeks. Adverse effects were assessed weekly through clinical evaluations and self-reports, and tolerability was rated by participants at the end of the trial. RESULTS: The study included 47 patients with FD who completed the trial, with a mean (SD) age of 51.49 (14.64) years. Of the participants, 78.7% were females. Ginger supplementation was well tolerated, with mild and transient adverse effects reported, including bloating (14.9%), heartburn (12.8%), and diarrhea (10.6%). None of these adverse events necessitated discontinuation of the treatment. Tolerability was rated as good or excellent by 87.2% of participants, and no severe adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary findings suggest ginger is well tolerated and may be a viable complementary dietary therapy, though further research is needed. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06313814. © 2025 The Authors. DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100792 PMCID: PMC12137165 PMID: 40474983 Conflict of interest statement: None.

Can ginger improve cardiovascular health indices? A protocol for a GRADE-assessed systematic review and planned dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

10. Syst Rev. 2025 Jun 2;14(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s13643-025-02867-3. Can ginger improve cardiovascular health indices? A protocol for a GRADE-assessed systematic review and planned dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Jafari A(1)(2), Sahebkar A(3)(4)(5). Author information: (1)Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ajafari.nut@gmail.com. (2)Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. Ajafari.nut@gmail.com. (3)Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India. (4)Applied Biomedical Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. (5)Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which encompass a range of disorders impacting the heart and blood vessels, continue to pose a significant global public health challenge. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has attracted attention among various treatment options for its potential advantages in promoting cardiovascular well-being. Renowned for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-hypertensive properties, ginger is a widely used culinary and medicinal plant. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive summary and systematic analysis of the existing scientific literature pertaining to the effects of ginger supplementation on glycemic profile, lipid profile, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, liver function tests, oxidative stress parameters, and adipokines. This analysis aims to establish a foundation for clinical interventions. METHODS: A methodical electronic exploration will be carried out to discover articles in various databases such as Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science. The search will specifically target randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that include both healthy and diseased individuals. Two evaluators will independently review articles, extract information, and evaluate the quality of the studies using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool (RoB 2). Any discrepancies will be addressed by involving a third reviewer. The quality of cumulative evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Should a sufficient quantity of suitable studies be found, a meta-analysis will be conducted on the chosen outcomes. DISCUSSION: This protocol outlines a comprehensive approach for systematically reviewing and conducting a dose-response meta-analysis on the effects of ginger supplementation on CVD risk factors. The proposed methodological rigor, including independent evaluation and GRADE assessment, will ensure high-quality evidence synthesis from available RCTs. The findings from this planned review will help inform future research directions and potentially guide clinical recommendations regarding ginger supplementation for cardiovascular health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42024571362. © 2025. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s13643-025-02867-3 PMCID: PMC12131349 PMID: 40457497 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: No ethical approval is required for this systematic review, as it involves the analysis and synthesis of existing literature. The findings of the forthcoming review will be disseminated through reputable peer-reviewed journals, ensuring that the knowledge generated contributes meaningfully to the advancement of scientific understanding in this field. Competing interests: The authors listed in this publication confirm that they do not have any connections or engagements with any organization or entity that has a financial stake. This includes receiving honoraria, educational grants, being part of speakers’ bureaus, having membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interests. Additionally, they do not provide expert testimony or participate in patent licensing agreements. Furthermore, they do not have any non-financial interest in the topic or materials deliberated in this manuscript. This includes personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge, or beliefs.

A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Dose-Response Trial of Muvz(™) for Knee and Low-Back Support in Physically Active Adults.

11. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 Feb 6;19:811-825. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S486836. eCollection 2025. A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Dose-Response Trial of Muvz(™) for Knee and Low-Back Support in Physically Active Adults. Kalman D(1), Srivastava S(2), Desale A(3), Chatte MD(4), Nalavade RJ(5), Shah KM(6), Karvir S(7), Bhasale S(8). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition, Dr. Kiran c Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft, Lauderdale, Florida, USA. (2)Clinical Development Department, Vedic Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. (3)Life Care Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India. (4)Sankalp Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India. (5)Sparsh Superspeciality Hospital, Panvel, Maharashtra, India. (6)Proactive Orthopedic Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. (7)Ayush Nursing Home, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. (8)Diamond Orthopedic & Multispecialty Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. PURPOSE: The current study aimed to investigate the dose-response efficacy and safety of MuvzTM (E-PR-01, a blend of V. negundo and Z. officinale) in 400 mg (High-dose [HD]) and 200 mg (Low-dose [LD]) of daily dose in physically active adults in 90 days. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 157 adults aged 40-60 having knee/low back joint discomfort. The primary outcome was an enhancement in the overall musculoskeletal health in 90 days. Secondary outcomes included assessing the joint discomfort following physical activity, range of motion, quality of life, and the consumption of rescue medication. RESULTS: E-PR-01 notably enhanced musculoskeletal health in a dose-dependent manner compared to placebo within 30 days (p<0.0001), with effects persisting through day 90 and demonstrated clinically significant difference by 13 and 10 units in the HD and LD groups, respectively. Joint discomfort reduced significantly in both the E-PR-01 groups by day 90 (p<0.0001). Furthermore, both doses of E-PR-01 improved the range of motion of the assessed joint (p<0.05) and enriched participants' overall quality of life (p<0.05) at the end of the study. CONCLUSION: The study finds E-PR-01 effective for improving overall joint health, with the higher dose showing greater efficacy. These findings align with the earlier studies of E-PR-01 for knee and low back discomfort. © 2025 Kalman et al. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S486836 PMCID: PMC11809229 PMID: 39931217 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Shalini Srivastava is affiliated with Vedic Lifesciences. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The effect of oral supplementation of ginger on glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

12. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024 Oct;63:615-622. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.07.011. Epub 2024 Jul 23. The effect of oral supplementation of ginger on glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schumacher JC(1), Mueller V(2), Sousa C(3), Peres KK(4), da Mata IR(5), Menezes RCR(6), Dal Bosco SM(7). Author information: (1)Undergraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: julianasch@ufcspa.edu.br. (2)Undergraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: vanessavm@ufcspa.edu.br. (3)Undergraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: camilafl@ufcspa.edu.br. (4)Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: kkathkruger@gmail.com. (5)Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: mata.isabella@gmail.com. (6)Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: rafaellacs@ufcspa.edu.br. (7)Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: simonedb@ufcspa.edu.br. BACKGROUND: Ginger, a root originating in Southeast Asia, has several therapeutic benefits to human health, including antioxidant activity. Currently, there are discussions regarding the hypoglycemic properties of dietary supplements derived from its phenolic compounds in the management of chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and complex disease that requires continuous treatment, with glycemic control being decisive in the management of hyperglycemia. AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the effects of oral supplementation of ginger in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients undergoing randomized clinical trial studies. METHODS: Across the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, randomized controlled trials that examined the role of ginger in T2DM until January 2022 were systematically researched. The parameters used to assess T2DM treatment control were Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Bias risk assessment of the studies was performed using the RoB 2.0 tool. Meta-analysis was performed considering data compatibility. RESULTS: Five studies were included in the analysis. Capsules containing Zingiber officinale powder were supplemented twice a day. The dose ranged from 1.2 to 2g/day, and the intervention period ranged from 4 to 12 weeks. Meta-analysis results indicated no significant effect of ginger supplementation on FBS or HbA1c. However, individual studies reported mixed results, with two studies showing a significant reduction in FBS. This suggests that while ginger may have potential as an adjuvant therapy, its overall impact on glycemic control in T2DM is not statistically significant when results are pooled. CONCLUSION: Currently published articles are still limited, requiring further studies of high methodological quality to verify the effectiveness of ginger supplementation on T2DM parameters control. Copyright © 2024 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.07.011 PMID: 39053695 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The Clinical Research on Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Insights from ClinicalTrials.gov analysis.

13. Planta Med. 2024 Sep;90(11):834-843. doi: 10.1055/a-2357-7064. Epub 2024 Jun 29. The Clinical Research on Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Insights from ClinicalTrials.gov analysis. Matin M(1), Matin FB(2), Ksepka N(1), Wysocki K(1), Mickael ME(1), Wieczorek M(3), Horbańczuk JO(1), Jóźwik A(1), Atanasov AG(1)(4). Author information: (1)Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland. (2)Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (3)Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. (4)Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has a rich history of traditional medicinal use and has attracted a global interest in its health benefits. This study aims to provide insights into the clinical research landscape on ginger, focusing on its pharmacological effects and studied health-related outcomes. The study design involves systematic analysis of data from clinical trials available on ClinicalTrials.gov and discussion of findings in the context of the existing scientific knowledge. A comprehensive analysis of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov related to ginger was first conducted, and the scientific background related to specific ginger clinical research avenues was further evaluated through PubMed searches. A variety of trial designs were identified, including treatment, prevention, and supportive care objectives. A total of 188 studies were identified on ClinicalTrials.gov, of which 89 met the inclusion criteria. Among the 89 trials, treatment objectives were predominant (47.2%), and dietary supplements (40.4%) and drugs (27%) were the most prevalent intervention types. These trials covered various health outcomes, such as antiemetic activity, analgesic function, effects on health-related quality of life, blood pressure variation, energy expenditure, and reduction in xerostomia. This study analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical trials landscape on ginger, focusing on its broad spectrum of potential health benefits. While individual trials show promising results, a significant gap in the available data with a low reporting rate of final results is identified, underscoring the need for further research to establish conclusive evidence of ginger's therapeutic potentials. Thieme. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1055/a-2357-7064 PMID: 38944033 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

The effectiveness and safety of natural food and food-derived extract supplements for treating functional gastrointestinal disorders-current perspectives.

14. Nutr Rev. 2025 Mar 1;83(3):e1158-e1171. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae047. The effectiveness and safety of natural food and food-derived extract supplements for treating functional gastrointestinal disorders-current perspectives. Liu T(1)(2), Asif IM(1)(2), Bai C(1)(2), Huang Y(1)(2), Li B(1)(2), Wang L(1)(2). Author information: (1)College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China. (2)Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) were highly prevalent and involve gastrointestinal discomfort characterized by non-organic abnormalities in the morphology and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. According to the Rome IV criteria, irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are the most common FGIDs. Complementary and alternative medicines are employed by increasing numbers of individuals around the world, and they include herbal and dietary supplements, acupuncture, and hypnosis. Of these, herbal and dietary supplements seem to have the greatest potential for relieving FGIDs, through multiple modes of action. However, despite the extensive application of natural extracts in alternative treatments for FGIDs, the safety and effectiveness of food and orally ingested food-derived extracts remain uncertain. Many randomized controlled trials have provided compelling evidence supporting their potential, as detailed in this review. The consumption of certain foods (eg, kiwifruit, mentha, ginger, etc) and food ingredients may contribute to the alleviation of symptoms associated with FGID,. However, it is crucial to emphasize that the short-term consumption of these components may not yield satisfactory efficacy. Physicians are advised to share both the benefits and potential risks of these alternative therapies with patients. Furthermore, larger randomized clinical trials with appropriate comparators are imperative. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae047 PMID: 38908001 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The Effect of Therapeutic Doses of Culinary Spices in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

15. Nutrients. 2024 May 29;16(11):1685. doi: 10.3390/nu16111685. The Effect of Therapeutic Doses of Culinary Spices in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Al Dhaheri AS(1), Alkhatib DH(1), Feehan J(2), Cheikh Ismail L(3)(4), Apostolopoulos V(2)(5), Stojanovska L(1)(2). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates. (2)Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia. (3)Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates. (4)Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK. (5)Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia. Erratum in Nutrients. 2024 Nov 05;16(22):3791. doi: 10.3390/nu16223791. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) place a significant burden on global health and the healthcare systems which support it. Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for a large number of NCDs; however, treatments remain limited. Previous research has shown the protective benefits of edible dietary spices on key components of metabolic syndrome. Therefore we performed a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial to evaluate the effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale), cinnamon (Cinnamomum), and black seed (Nigella sativa) consumption on blood glucose, lipid profiles, and body composition in 120 participants with, or at risk of, metabolic syndrome. Each participant consumed 3 g/day of powder (spice or placebo). Data related to different parameters were collected from participants at the baseline, midpoint, and endpoint of the intervention. Over the 12-week interventions, there was an improvement in a number of biochemical indices of metabolic syndrome, including fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, LCL, and total cholesterol associated with supplementation with the spices when compared to a placebo. This study provides evidence to support the adjunct use of supplementation for those at risk of metabolic syndrome and its sequelae. DOI: 10.3390/nu16111685 PMCID: PMC11175078 PMID: 38892617 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.