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Enhanced Proliferation and Activation of Natural Killer Cells by Deer Antler Velvet Extract, YC-1101, and Its Synergistic Antitumor Effects in CT26 Syngeneic Mouse Model.

1. J Med Food. 2026 Mar;29(3):116-126. doi: 10.1177/1096620X261418535. Epub 2026 Feb 4. Enhanced Proliferation and Activation of Natural Killer Cells by Deer Antler Velvet Extract, YC-1101, and Its Synergistic Antitumor Effects in CT26 Syngeneic Mouse Model. Lee JY(1), Lee J(1), Yeon D(1), Yoon

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome probably induced by a lamotrigine-ginseng drug interaction.

2. Pharmacotherapy. 2015 Mar;35(3):e9-e12. doi: 10.1002/phar.1550. Epub 2015 Mar 10. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome probably induced by a lamotrigine-ginseng drug interaction. Myers AP(1), Watson TA, Strock SB. Author information: (1)Department of Pharmaceutical

Efficacy and safety of YHC-BE-2040 on immune function: An 8-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study.

1. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Mar 14;104(11):e41805. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000041805. Efficacy and safety of YHC-BE-2040 on immune function: An 8-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study. Kim JR(1), Kim SJ(2)(3), Kim KK(4), Kim YS(5), Lee YA(6), Song SW(6). Author information: (1)Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. (2)International Healthcare Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. (3)Department of Family Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. (4)Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea. (5)Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea. (6)Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. BACKGROUND: Deer velvet (DV) extract, a traditional remedy in Eastern Asian medicine, holds potential as an immune modulator. This study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatically digested DV extract, YHC-BE-2040 (HENKIV®), on cell-mediated immunity in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Healthy adults (N = 120), aged 40 to 70, were randomly assigned to receive either a high-dose (HD) or low-dose (LD) DV extract, or a placebo daily for 8 weeks. The subjects were instructed to orally administer the provided intervention once a day, taking 2 capsules per dose after a meal. RESULTS: Primary efficacy was measured by natural killer-cell activity, revealing a significant increase in both HD and LD groups compared to placebo (P < .05). Notably, a dose-response relationship was observed, with the HD group exhibiting the most substantial improvement. Secondary parameters TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-6 showed significant increases in IFN-γ for HD and LD groups. Safety analysis revealed that YHC-BE-2040 was well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events. Reported adverse events were mild to moderate and not definitively linked to the intervention. CONCLUSION: This study provides meaningful insights into the potential of YHC-BE-2040 as an immune function modulator. While promising, further research with clinical endpoints, larger sample sizes, and extended study durations is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and long-term effects of this deer antler extract on human immunity. Nevertheless, these findings support the safe and effective use of YHC-BE-2040 as an immune-enhancing dietary supplement in healthy adults. Copyright © 2025 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000041805 PMCID: PMC11922470 PMID: 40101058 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.

Health benefits of deer and elk velvet antler supplements: a systematic review of randomised controlled studies.

2. N Z Med J. 2012 Dec 14;125(1367):80-6. Health benefits of deer and elk velvet antler supplements: a systematic review of randomised controlled studies. Gilbey A(1), Perezgonzalez JD. Author information: (1)College of Business, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. a.p.gilbey@massey.ac.nz AIMS: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence from RCTs of velvet antler supplements for any condition, using the QUOROM statement as a guiding framework. METHODS: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Academic search premier, via the bibliographical platform, Endnote) and two review articles were searched for all randomised clinical trials of velvet antler supplements. Retrieved trials were evaluated according to standardised criteria. RESULTS: Seven RCTs were identified as satisfying all inclusion criteria and examined the effectiveness of velvet antler for rheumatoid arthritis (2), osteoarthritis (1), sexual function (1), and sporting performance enhancement (3). Their methodological quality ranged from 3-5, as measured on the Jadad scale. Two RCTs reported some positive effects of velvet antler supplements, but neither were convincing while the remaining five RCTs found no effect of velvet antler supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Claims made for velvet antler supplements do not appear to be based upon rigorous research from human trials, although for osteoarthritis the findings may have some promise. PMID: 23321886 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Effect of elk velvet antler supplementation on the hormonal response to acute and chronic exercise in male and female rowers.

3. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005 Aug;15(4):366-85. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.15.4.366. Effect of elk velvet antler supplementation on the hormonal response to acute and chronic exercise in male and female rowers. Syrotuik DG(1), MacFadyen KL, Harber VJ, Bell GJ. Author information: (1)Faculty of Physical Educatin and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. To examine the effects of elk velvet antler supplementation (EVA) combined with training on resting and exercise-stimulated hormonal response, male (n = 25) and female (n = 21) rowers ingested either EVA (560 mg/d) or placebo (PL) during 10 wk of training. VO(2max), 2000 m rowing time, leg and bench press strength were determined before and after 5 and 10 wk of training. Serum hormone levels were measured prior to and 5 and 60 min after a simulated 2000 m rowing race. VO(2max)and strength increased and 2000 m times decreased similarly (P < 0.05) with training. There was no significant difference between the EVA and PL group for any hormonal response. Testosterone (males only) and growth hormone (both genders) were higher 5 min after the simulated race (P < 0.05) but returned to baseline at 60 min. Cortisol was higher 5 and 60 min compared to rest (both genders) (P < 0.05) and was higher 60 min post-exercise following 5 and 10 wk of training. It appears that 10 wk of EVA supplementation does not significantly improve rowing performance nor alter hormonal responses at rest or after acute exercise than training alone. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.15.4.366 PMID: 16286669 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The effects of deer antler velvet extract or powder supplementation on aerobic power, erythropoiesis, and muscular strength and endurance characteristics.

4. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Sep;13(3):251-65. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.13.3.251. The effects of deer antler velvet extract or powder supplementation on aerobic power, erythropoiesis, and muscular strength and endurance characteristics. Sleivert G(1), Burke V, Palmer C, Walmsley A, Gerrard D, Haines S, Littlejohn R. Author information: (1)Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3. To determine the effects of deer antler velvet on maximal aerobic performance and the trainability of muscular strength and endurance, 38 active males were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either deer antler velvet extract (n = 12), powder (n = 13), or placebo groups (n = 13). Subjects were tested prior to beginning supplementation and a 10-week strength program, and immediately post-training. All subjects were measured for circulating levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factor, erythropoietin, red cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume. Additionally, muscular strength, endurance, and VO2max were determined. All groups improved 6 RM strength equivalently (41 +/- 26%, p < .001), but there was a greater increase in isokinetic knee extensor strength (30 +/- 21% vs. 13 +/- 15%, p = .04) and endurance (21 +/- 19% vs. 7 +/- 12%, p = .02) in the powder compared to placebo group. There were no endocrine, red cell mass or VO2max changes in any group. These findings do not support an erythropoetic or aerobic ergogenic effect of deer antler velvet. Further, the inconsistent findings regarding the effects of deer antler velvet powder supplementation on the development of strength suggests that further work is required to test the robustness of the observation that this supplement enhances the strength training response and to ensure this observation is not a type I error. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.13.3.251 PMID: 14669926 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

A randomized clinical trial of elk velvet antler in rheumatoid arthritis.

5. Biol Res Nurs. 2008 Jan;9(3):254-61. doi: 10.1177/1099800407309505. A randomized clinical trial of elk velvet antler in rheumatoid arthritis. Allen M(1), Oberle K, Grace M, Russell A, Adewale AJ. Author information: (1)University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. marion.allen@ualberta.ca This article examines the effects of elk velvet antler on joint pain and swelling, patient/physician global assessment of disease activity, functional ability, quality of life, blood levels of C-reactive protein, and adverse events in persons with stage 2 to 3 rheumatoid arthritis experiencing residual symptoms after standard treatment. Patients (N=168) were enrolled in a 6-month randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Instruments included the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale, the Health Assessment Questionnaire, tender and swollen joint counts, and 100 mm-length visual analogue scales, along with blood tests. There were no significant differences between groups on any measures. The pattern of change of the measures across time points was essentially the same for both groups. Although some patients reported clinical improvements in their symptoms, there were no statistically significant differences between groups. Overall, elk velvet antler does not effectively manage residual symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. DOI: 10.1177/1099800407309505 PMID: 18077778 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Comparison of analgesic techniques for antler removal in halothane-anaesthetized red deer (Cervus elaphus): electroencephalographic responses.

6. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2005 Mar;32(2):61-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00228.x. Comparison of analgesic techniques for antler removal in halothane-anaesthetized red deer (Cervus elaphus): electroencephalographic responses. Johnson CB(1), Wilson PR, Woodbury MR, Caulkett NA. Author information: (1)Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. c.b.johnson@massey.ac.nz OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence for an analgesic effect of antler pedicle compression or lidocaine 'ring block' by comparing changes in median and spectral edge frequencies and total electroencephalographic (EEG) power during the application of each technique followed by antler removal. ANIMALS: Twenty-nine 2-year-old red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags weighing 106-131 kg each were used in this study. Stags were carrying immature growing antler suitable for commercial harvest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anaesthesia was induced using propofol (8.25 +/- 1.28 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (2.18 +/- 0.15 mg kg(-1)) and maintained with halothane in oxygen. End-tidal halothane (Fe'HAL), expired CO(2) tension (Pe'CO(2)), SpO(2), EEG, ECG, and direct arterial blood pressures were recorded continuously. Respiratory rate and somatic responses were recorded at specific time points. After stabilization of anaesthesia (Fe'HAL was approximately 0.8%) baseline data were recorded. Stags were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups; control, local anaesthesia, or compression band. One antler was removed 4 minutes after the application of treatment. Electroencephalographic responses to application of treatment and antler removal were analysed using area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Mean AUC was compared between groups using anova, and when significant differences were found, groups were compared post hoc with two-tailed t-tests. Significance levels were set at p </= 0.05. RESULTS: Median frequency (F(50)) was increased during antler removal in the control group and during both application and antler removal in the compression group. In the lidocaine group, F(50) was decreased during both application and antler removal. Spectral edge frequency (F(95)) was increased during the antler removal period in the control group and during both application and antler removal in the compression group. In the lidocaine group, F(95) was decreased in the application time period. Total EEG power (P(tot)) was decreased in the removal period in the control group. In the compression group, P(tot) was decreased in the removal period. In the lidocaine group, P(tot) was decreased in the application period. There were no significant differences in EEG variables between antler removal in the control group and application of compression (p = 0.19-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that lidocaine 'ring block' of the antler pedicle provides adequate analgesia for velvet antler removal. The use of antler pedicle compression bands represents a noxious stimulus in its own right and is not as protective as lidocaine 'ring block' against the noxious stimulus of surgical antler removal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Compression of the antler pedicle has been recommended as an alternative to lidocaine 'ring block' for velvet antler removal. The results of this study suggest that antler pedicle compression is noxious. In addition, antler pedicle compression offers less effective analgesia than lidocaine 'ring block'. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00228.x PMID: 15762911 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Elk velvet antler in rheumatoid arthritis: phase II trial.

7. Biol Res Nurs. 2002 Jan;3(3):111-8. doi: 10.1177/1099800402003003001. Elk velvet antler in rheumatoid arthritis: phase II trial. Allen M(1), Oberle K, Grace M, Russell A. Author information: (1)Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. marion.allen@ualberta.ca The purpose of this phase II clinical trial was to examine safety of elk velvet antler taken concurrently with rheumatoid arthritis medications and to determine efficacy by dose to enable sample size estimation and dose standardization for a larger study. Forty patients with stage II rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 arms of 10 patients each. One group received placebo and the other 3 groups received 2, 4, or 6 capsules (215 mg) of elk velvet antler with appropriate placebos to total 6 capsules daily. All subjects continued to take their arthritis medications. Outcome variables were reported adverse events and health status. At 1 month, there were no significant differences between groups in number of adverse events or health status. The greatest improvement was in the 6 elk velvet antler group, the least was in the placebo group. Differences were not statistically significant. It was concluded that elk velvet antler can be taken safely in conjunction with a number of rheumatoid arthritis medications and should be studied further to assess efficacy. DOI: 10.1177/1099800402003003001 PMID: 12003439 [Indexed for MEDLINE]