크레아틴 HCl

The Effects of 8-Week Creatine Hydrochloride and Creatine Ethyl Ester Supplementation on Cognition, Clinical Outcomes, and Brain Creatine Levels in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women (CONCRET-MENOPA): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

1. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2026 Mar-Apr;45(3):199-210. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2025.2551184. Epub 2025 Aug 25. The Effects of 8-Week Creatine Hydrochloride and Creatine Ethyl Ester Supplementation on Cognition, Clinical Outcomes, and Brain Creatine Levels in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women (CONCRET-M

Supplementing With Which Form of Creatine (Hydrochloride or Monohydrate) Alongside Resistance Training Can Have More Impacts on Anabolic/Catabolic Hormones, Strength and Body Composition?

1. Physiol Res. 2024 Nov 15;73(5):739-753. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.935323. Supplementing With Which Form of Creatine (Hydrochloride or Monohydrate) Alongside Resistance Training Can Have More Impacts on Anabolic/Catabolic Hormones, Strength and Body Composition? Eghbali E(1), Arazi H, Suzuki K. Author information: (1)Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. hamid.arazi@guilan.ac.ir. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training (RT) alongside creatine-hydrochloride (Cr-HCl) or creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation on anabolic/catabolic hormones, strength, and body composition. Forty participants with an age range of 18-25 years were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): RT+Cr-HCl (0.03 g.kg-1 of body mass), RT+CrM-loading phase (CrM-LP) (0.3 g.kg-1 of body mass for five days (loading) and 0.03 g.kg-1 body mass for 51 days (maintenance)), RT+CrM-without loading phase (CrM-WLP) (0.03 g.kg-1 body mass), and RT+placebo (PL). The participants consumed supplements and performed RT with an intensity of 70-85 % 1RM for eight weeks. Before and after the training and supplementation period, strength (1RM), body composition (percent body fat (PBF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscular cross-sectional area (MCSA)) and serum levels of testosterone, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follistatin and myostatin were measured. The results showed that in the supplementation groups, strength, arm and thigh MCSA, and SMM significantly increased, and PBF significantly decreased (P</=0.05); this change was significant compared to the PL group (P</=0.05). In addition, the results showed a significant increase in GH, IGF-1 levels, the ratio of follistatin/myostatin, testosterone/cortisol (P</=0.05), and a significant decrease in cortisol and ACTH levels (P</=0.05) in the supplementation groups. Hormonal changes in GH, IGF-1, testosterone/cortisol, cortisol, and ACTH levels in the supplementation groups were significant compared to the PL group (P</=0.05). The results showed that CrM and Cr-HCl significantly enhanced the beneficial effects of RT on strength, hypertrophy, and hormonal responses, with Cr-HCl showing no benefit over CrM. DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935323 PMCID: PMC11629957 PMID: 39545789 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of Interest: There is no conflict of interest.

Co-administration of methyl donors along with guanidinoacetic acid reduces the incidence of hyperhomocysteinaemia compared with guanidinoacetic acid administration alone.

2. Br J Nutr. 2013 Sep 14;110(5):865-70. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512005879. Epub 2013 Jan 28. Co-administration of methyl donors along with guanidinoacetic acid reduces the incidence of hyperhomocysteinaemia compared with guanidinoacetic acid administration alone. Ostojic SM(1), Niess B, Stojanovic M, Obrenovic M. Author information: (1)Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Stari DIF, Deligradska 27, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is the natural biosynthetic precursor of creatine, in a metabolic reaction that requires only a methyl group transfer. The use of GAA as a food additive for restoring creatine load in human tissues is rather unexplored and data on efficacy and safety are limited. In particular, an increase in serum homocysteine after GAA administration can be regarded as critical and should be prevented. The present study evaluated the effects of orally administered GAA with and without methyl group donors on serum and urine creatine concentrations, and the occurrence of adverse events during an intervention in healthy human subjects. A total of twenty male and female volunteers were randomised in a double-blind design to receive either GAA (2.4 g/d) or GAA with methyl donors (2.4 g/d of GAA and 1.6 g/d of betaine HCl, 5 μg/d of vitamin B12, 10 mg/d of vitamin B6 and 600 μg/d of folic acid) by oral administration for 8 weeks. Serum and urine creatine increased significantly from before to after administration in both groups (P< 0.001). The proportion of participants who reported minor adverse events was 33.3 % in the GAA group, and 10.0 % in the GAA with methyl donors group (P= 0.30). Hyperhomocysteinaemia was found in 55.6 % of participants supplemented with GAA, while no participant experienced hyperhomocysteinaemia in the group supplemented with GAA and methyl donors (P= 0.01). In summary, both interventions strongly influenced creatine metabolism, resulting in a significant increase in fasting serum creatine. The concomitant supplementation of methyl donors along with GAA largely precluded the elevation of serum homocysteine caused by GAA administration alone. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114512005879 PMID: 23351309 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Colchicine for Left Ventricular Infarct Size Reduction in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study Protocol - The COVERT-MI Study.

3. Cardiology. 2021;146(2):151-160. doi: 10.1159/000512772. Epub 2021 Feb 12. Colchicine for Left Ventricular Infarct Size Reduction in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study Protocol - The COVERT-MI Study. Bresson D(1), Roubille F(2), Prieur C(3), Biere L(4), Ivanes F(5), Bouleti C(6), Dubreuil O(7), Rioufol G(3)(8), Boutitie F(9), Sideris G(10), Elbaz M(11), Bochaton T(8), De Bourguignon C(8), El Jonhy N(8), Dufay N(12), Dhelens C(13), Croisille P(14), Prunier F(4), Angoulvant D(5), Ovize M(8), Maucort-Boulch D(9), Mewton N(15). Author information: (1)University Hospital of Mulhouse, Hôpital Emile Muller, Mulhouse, France. (2)Cardiology Department, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. (3)Coronary Care Unit, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France. (4)Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083, CHU Angers, Service de Cardiologie, Angers Cedex, Université d'Angers, Angers, France. (5)Cardiology Department CHRU de Tours & EA4245 T2i Tours University, Tours, France. (6)CIC Inserm 1402n CHU de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France. (7)Invasive Cardiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Saint-Joseph Saint-Luc, Lyon, France. (8)Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm 1407, CarMeN Unit Inserm 1060, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France. (9)Biostatistical Department - Bioinformatique, Pôle de Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. (10)Cardiology Department, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. (11)Interventional Cardiology Department, CHU de Rangueil, Toulouse, France. (12)NeuroBioTec, Centre de Ressources Biologiques des HCL, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, France. (13)Pharmacy Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France. (14)Department Radiology, CREATIS CNRS 5220 INSERM U1206 Research Lab, Hôpital Nord University Hospital/CHU Saint Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France. (15)Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm 1407, CarMeN Unit Inserm 1060, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France, nathan.mewton@chu-lyon.fr. Inflammatory processes have been identified as key mediators of ischemia-reperfusion injury in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). They add damage to the myocardium and are associated with clinical adverse events (heart failure and cardiovascular death) and poor myocardial recovery. Colchicine is a well-known alkaloid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. In a proof-of-concept phase II trial, colchicine has been associated with a significant 50% reduction of infarct size (assessed by creatine kinase levels) in comparison to placebo in acute STEMI patients referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The Colchicine in STEMI Patients Study (COVERT-MI) is an ongoing confirmative prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial testing whether a short course oral treatment with colchicine versus placebo decreases myocardial injury in patients presenting with STEMI referred for PPCI. Adult patients, with a first STEMI episode and an initial TIMI flow ≤1, referred for PPCI, will be randomized (n = 194) in a 1:1 ratio to receive an oral bolus of colchicine of 2 mg followed by 0.5 mg b.i.d. treatment during 5 days or matching placebo. The primary endpoint will be the reduction in infarct size as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance at 5 ± 2 days between both groups. The main secondary endpoints will be tested between groups in hierarchical order with left ventricular ejection fraction at 5 days, microvascular obstruction presence at 5 days, and absolute adverse left ventricular remodeling between 5 days and 3 months. This academic study is being financed by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (PHRCN-16-0357). Results from this study will contribute to a better understanding of the complex pathophysiology underlying myocardial injury after STEMI. The present study describes the rationale, design, and methods of the trial. © 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel. DOI: 10.1159/000512772 PMID: 33582664 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of a newly developed fixed combination sachet of acetylsalicylic acid and pseudoephedrine compared with a preliminary combination.

4. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;25(8):631-7. doi: 10.1358/mf.2003.25.8.778084. Relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of a newly developed fixed combination sachet of acetylsalicylic acid and pseudoephedrine compared with a preliminary combination. Lücker PW(1), Birkel M, Hey B, Loose I, Schaefer A. Author information: (1)Institut fur Klinische Pharmakologie Bobenheim, Prof. Dr. Lucker GmbH, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 20, 67269 Grünstadt, Germany. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and pseudoephedrine (PSE) are often administered together for the treatment of symptoms of the common cold, i.e., nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat and headache. Based on this fact we developed a fixed combination of 500 mg ASA and 30 mg PSE, the recommended doses for both drugs for treating symptoms of the common cold, as granulate to be dissolved in water for administration. The purpose of this open, randomized, three-factorial (three-treatment, three-period, six-sequence) Latin Square clinical study was to investigate the relative bioavailability of ASA and PSE as well as the establishment of bioequivalence after single administration of the fixed combination (final formulation for approval) of 500 mg ASA/30 mg PSE*HCl and the preliminary formulation of this combination. Pharmacokinetic characteristics AUC(norm) and C(max,norm) of ASA, its metabolite SA, and PSE, were determined as measure of rate and extent of absorption of the two formulations. The treatment ratios final/preliminary formulation and their corresponding 90% confidence intervals were calculated to establish bioequivalence. Additionally, descriptive statistics were calculated for the parameters t(max), t((1/2)), and mean residence time (MRT). In total, data from 18 healthy male volunteers were included in the pharmacokinetic evaluation. The primary target parameters were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) after logarithmic transformation of the data. Confidence intervals of 90% were calculated for the geometric means of ratios using the mean square error term of the ANOVA. Bioequivalence criteria were fulfilled for AUC(norm) and C(max,norm). Geometric means of individual ratios of AUC(norm) and of C(max,norm) showed equal bioavailability of the new formulation compared with the preliminary. Furthermore, a relative bioavailability of approximately 100% of the preliminary formulation was shown for the newly developed formulation for all parameters. The parameters t(max), t((1/2)), and MRT showed comparable results for ASA, SA, and PSE, respectively, in both formulations. The supplementary evaluation for the non-normalized original parameters AUC and C(max) also revealed bioequivalence. For the newly developed formulation, the arithmetic means of the parameters AUC and C(max) for PSE were 1040.66 mg/h*l and 134.52 mg/l, for SA 142.28 mg/h*l and 30.34 mg/l, respectively. The median t(max) values were 0.67 h for PSE and 0.92 h for SA. Both treatments were safe and well tolerated. (c) 2003 Prous Science. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1358/mf.2003.25.8.778084 PMID: 14671681 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Crossover comparison of moxonidine and clonidine in mild to moderate hypertension.

5. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1984;27(2):147-52. doi: 10.1007/BF00544037. Crossover comparison of moxonidine and clonidine in mild to moderate hypertension. Plänitz V. The antihypertensive effect of moxonidine X HCl X H2O (MOX) was compared with that of clonidine X HCl (CLON) in a randomized double-blind crossover study in 20 hypertensive outpatients (BP range 154-178/96-108 mmHg). After 2 weeks without antihypertensive medication, either MOX 0.2 mg daily or CLON 0.2 mg daily was given and the dose was titrated until the diastolic blood pressure fell below 90 mmHg. The first treatment period was continued for 2 weeks and, after crossover without a wash-out period, it was followed by the second treatment for a further 2 weeks. Within the first 4 days of administration 0.2-0.4 mg of either agent caused a significant decrease in BP (p less than 0.001) from a mean of 166/100 mmHg to 149/86 mmHg after CLON (approx. -10/-14%), and 163/99 mmHg to 146/84 mmHg after MOX (approx. -10/-15%). No significant difference in the fall in BP or pulse rate was detected between the two drugs. In the mean daily dose of 0.3 mg both drugs showed the same antihypertensive activity, but on CLON a higher incidence of side effects (p = 0.003) was noted, and after discontinuation of therapy a more rapid rise in BP (systolic BP p less than 0.01, diastolic BP p less than 0.02) was found. 17 patients on CLON complained of side effects, especially tiredness and dry mouth, whilst only 6 patients on MOX were affected (p = 0.003). DOI: 10.1007/BF00544037 PMID: 6499895 [Indexed for MEDLINE]