캡사이신 (열발생)

The effect of Capsaicinoids or Capsinoids in red pepper on thermogenesis in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

1. Phytother Res. 2021 Mar;35(3):1358-1377. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6897. Epub 2020 Oct 15. The effect of Capsaicinoids or Capsinoids in red pepper on thermogenesis in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Irandoost P(1), Lotfi Yagin N(2), Namazi N(3), Keshtkar A(4), Farsi F(1)(5), Me

The effects of capsaicin and capsiate on energy balance: critical review and meta-analyses of studies in humans.

2. Chem Senses. 2012 Feb;37(2):103-21. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjr100. Epub 2011 Oct 29. The effects of capsaicin and capsiate on energy balance: critical review and meta-analyses of studies in humans. Ludy MJ(1), Moore GE, Mattes RD. Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue U

Ginger supplementation does not increase energy expenditure in female adults.

3. Nutrition. 2022 Nov-Dec;103-104:111803. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111803. Epub 2022 Jul 25. Ginger supplementation does not increase energy expenditure in female adults. Braga Tibaes JR(1), Martins LB(2), Rodrigues AMDS(3), Amaral MHA(3), Teixeira AL(4), Ferreira AVM(3). Author information: (1

The effect of red pepper/capsaicin on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment.

1. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2026 Jun;36(6):104616. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104616. Epub 2026 Feb 14. The effect of red pepper/capsaicin on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment. Ghoreishy SM(1), Zeydi M(2), Hadi V(3), Jafarbeglou N(4), Atabaki Y(4), Mohammadian MK(1), Imani H(5), Hemmati A(5), Hadi S(6). Author information: (1)Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (2)Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (3)Nutrition and Food Health Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (4)Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. (5)Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (6)Nutrition and Food Health Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: hadisaeid867@gmail.com. AIMS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality. Capsaicinoids, the active compounds in red pepper, act as agonists of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and may offer cardioprotective benefits by modulating lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and vascular function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of red pepper/capsaicin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors. DATA SYNTHESIS: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE/PubMed, and Scopus was conducted from inception until May 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. The conducted systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the pre-specified protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251119445). In order to avoid missing an article, a manual search was finally conducted in Google Scholar. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults supplementing with capsaicin, red pepper, or related compounds versus a placebo were included. Outcomes of interest included lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-density lipoprotein [HDL]), blood pressure (systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP]), and glycemic indices (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c). Data were pooled using a random-effects model and expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Thirteen RCTs (n = 821 participants) were included. However, the findings were marked by substantial heterogeneity and a limited total sample size, which necessitate cautious interpretation. Red pepper/capsaicin supplementation was associated with small, statistically unstable reductions in total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure; however, these effects were not robust to sensitivity analyses and should be interpreted as low-confidence estimates. However, no significant effects were observed on TG, LDL, HDL, SBP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, or HbA1c. Significant heterogeneity was observed for most outcomes (I2 > 50%). Subgroup analyses suggested that longer intervention durations (≥8 weeks) might be more effective for improving TC and HDL. The overall certainty of evidence, assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), was low to very low for most outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Red pepper/capsaicin supplementation may yield modest benefits in reducing total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure. However, sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the significant results for TC and DBP were dependent on a single study; their exclusion rendered the results non-significant. Due to significant heterogeneity, the limited number of studies, low sample sizes, and the instability of results upon sensitivity analysis, these findings must be interpreted with caution. Larger, well-designed, long-term RCTs are necessary to confirm these potential cardiometabolic benefits. PROSPERO registration number: (CRD420251119445). Copyright © 2026 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104616 PMID: 41856833 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interest The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Capsaicin's Role in Mitigating Muscle Soreness and Enhancing Futsal Players' Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage.

2. Nutrients. 2025 Feb 26;17(5):813. doi: 10.3390/nu17050813. Capsaicin's Role in Mitigating Muscle Soreness and Enhancing Futsal Players' Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. Rashki M(1), Hemmatinafar M(1), Safari K(1), Imanian B(1), Rezaei R(1), Koushkie Jahromi M(1), Suzuki K(2). Author information: (1)Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 84334-71946, Iran. (2)Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan. Background: Capsaicin, known for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, may mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation associated with exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). This study evaluates the efficacy of capsaicin supplementation in reducing delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and enhancing strength and power in collegiate male futsal players. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design was used. Twelve male futsal players participated in three testing sessions: baseline (BL), followed by capsaicin (12 mg) or placebo (PLA), with a 7-day washout period. Participants consumed the supplement 45 min before completing an EIMD protocol of 200 plyometric jumps with a 10% body-weight vest. Metrics including vertical jump height (VJH), pressure pain threshold (PPT), thigh circumference (TCM), and isokinetic and isometric strengths were assessed 48 h post-EIMD. DOMS was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and 12, 24, and 48 h post-EIMD. Results: Capsaicin supplementation significantly improved VJH (p = 0.009), PPT (p = 0.004), and reduced TCM (p = 0.015) compared to baseline, with superior performance in PPT and TCM reduction (p < 0.05). Capsaicin also significantly decreased VAS scores for DOMS immediately, 12, 24, and 48 h post-EIMD (p < 0.001) compared to PLA and BL. No significant differences were found in isokinetic and isometric strength metrics (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Acute capsaicin supplementation can mitigate DOMS and enhance performance markers such as VJH and PPT in collegiate futsal players. Its benefits suggest a viable nutritional strategy for recovery and performance optimization in high-intensity sports. DOI: 10.3390/nu17050813 PMCID: PMC11901883 PMID: 40077683 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Therapeutic Value of Lactobacillus gasseri 345A in Chronic Constipation.

3. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2025 May;37(5):e70012. doi: 10.1111/nmo.70012. Epub 2025 Mar 3. Therapeutic Value of Lactobacillus gasseri 345A in Chronic Constipation. Roos S(1)(2), Dahlgren AL(3), Mao YK(4), Pallin A(1), Stanisz AM(4), Forsythe P(4), Kunze W(4)(5), Hellström PM(3). Author information: (1)Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. (2)BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden. (3)Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. (4)Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. (5)Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. BACKGROUND: Chronic constipation is a prevalent, burdensome gastrointestinal disorder whose etiology and pathophysiology remain poorly understood. Differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota have been shown between constipated patients and healthy people. Data indicate that these microbial differences contribute to the disorder. METHODS: Preclinical studies in mice examined the effects of Lactobacillus gasseri on intestinal motility ex vivo, the reversal of motility inhibition by μ-opioid receptor agonists ex vivo and in vivo in mice, and the effects on capsaicin-stimulated transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in Jurkat cells. Thereafter, a clinical study of 40 women with functional constipation was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus gasseri with a randomized parallel design. After 14 days of baseline recording, treatment with Lactobacillus gasseri or placebo was given over 28 days, with 14 days of follow-up. Outcomes with complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM), spontaneous bowel movements, emptying frequency, abdominal pain, time spent for defecation, Bristol stool form scale, use of rescue laxatives, and impact on sex life were investigated. KEY RESULTS: In preclinical studies, Lactobacillus gasseri increased intestinal motility in an ex vivo model, reversed the motility inhibition caused by μ-opioid receptor agonist ex vivo and in vivo in mice, and counteracted capsaicin-stimulated activity of TRPV1 in Jurkat cells. In the clinical trial, Lactobacillus gasseri showed a significant reduction in abdominal pain, along with a correlation and tendency for an increased number of CSBM. Few adverse events were encountered. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: Treatment with Lactobacillus gasseri can alleviate pain sensations in functional constipation, possibly with an improved bowel-emptying function. © 2025 The Author(s). Neurogastroenterology & Motility published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. DOI: 10.1111/nmo.70012 PMCID: PMC11996050 PMID: 40033155 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Author S.R. discloses part‐time employment at BioGaia AB.

Effects of postbiotics on chronic diarrhea in young adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial assessing clinical symptoms, gut microbiota, and metabolite profiles.

4. Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2395092. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2395092. Epub 2024 Aug 27. Effects of postbiotics on chronic diarrhea in young adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial assessing clinical symptoms, gut microbiota, and metabolite profiles. Guo S(1)(2), Ma T(1)(2), Kwok LY(1)(2), Quan K(1)(2), Li B(1)(2), Wang H(1)(2)(3), Zhang H(1)(2), Menghe B(1)(2), Chen Y(1)(2). Author information: (1)Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China. (2)Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China. (3)Department of Clinical Nutrition, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Chronic diarrhea has a considerable impact on quality of life. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover intervention trial was conducted with 69 participants (36 in Group A, 33 in Group B), aiming to investigate the potential of postbiotics in alleviating diarrhea-associated symptoms. Participants received postbiotic Probio-Eco® and placebo for 21 days each in alternating order, with a 14-day washout period between interventions. The results showed that postbiotic intake resulted in significant improvements in Bristol stool scale score, defecation frequency, urgency, and anxiety. Moreover, the postbiotic intervention increased beneficial intestinal bacteria, including Dysosmobacter welbionis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while reducing potential pathogens like Megamonas funiformis. The levels of gut Microviridae notably increased. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed postbiotic-driven enrichment of beneficial metabolites, including α-linolenic acid and p-methoxycinnamic acid, and reduction of diarrhea-associated metabolites, including theophylline, piperine, capsaicin, and phenylalanine. Targeted metabolomics confirmed a significant increase in fecal butyric acid after postbiotic intervention. The levels of aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tryptophan, and their related metabolites, 5-hydroxytryptophan and kynurenine, decreased after the postbiotic intervention, suggesting diarrhea alleviation was through modulating the tryptophan-5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptophan-kynurenine pathways. Additionally, chenodeoxycholic acid, a diarrhea-linked primary bile acid, decreased substantially. In conclusion, postbiotics have shown promise in relieving chronic diarrhea. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2395092 PMCID: PMC11352714 PMID: 39189588 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ten weeks of Capsicum annuum L. extract supplementation did not change adipose tissue-derived hormones, appetite, body composition, and muscle strength when combined with resistance training in healthy untrained men: A clinical trial study.

5. Nutr Res. 2024 Feb;122:33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.11.010. Epub 2023 Dec 5. Ten weeks of Capsicum annuum L. extract supplementation did not change adipose tissue-derived hormones, appetite, body composition, and muscle strength when combined with resistance training in healthy untrained men: A clinical trial study. Moura E Silva VEL(1), Panissa VLG(2), Cholewa JM(3), Vieira MM(4), Antunes BM(5), Moura RC(6), Rossi PAQ(2), Santos MAP(7), Lira FS(2), Rossi FE(8). Author information: (1)Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. (2)Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. (3)Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA, USA. (4)Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program in Movement Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. (5)Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México. (6)Graduate Program in Science and Health, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil. (7)Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. (8)Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Movement Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program in Science and Health, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil. Electronic address: f.rossi@unesp.br. Capsiate (CAP) is a nonpungent capsaicin analog (Capsicum annuum L. extract) that has been studied as a potential antiobesity agent. However, the interaction between chronic CAP supplementation and resistance training is not clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in adipose tissue-derived hormones, body composition, appetite, and muscle strength after 10 weeks of resistance training, combined with chronic CAP supplementation in healthy untrained men. We hypothesized that CAP could induce higher benefits when combined with resistance training after 10 weeks of intervention compared to resistance training alone. Twenty-four young men (age, 22.0 ± 2.9) were randomized to either capsiate supplementation (CAP = 12 mg/day) or placebo (PL), and both groups were assigned to resistance training. Body composition, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, subjective ratings of appetite, energy intake, and exercise performance were assessed at before and after 10 weeks of progressive resistance training. There was a significant increase in body mass (P < .001), fat-free mass (CAP: 58.0 ± 7.1 vs. post, 59.7 ± 7.1 kg; PL: pre, 58.4 ± 7.3 vs. post, 59.8 ± 7.1 kg; P < .001), resting metabolic rate (CAP: pre, 1782.9 ± 160.6 vs. post, 1796.3 ± 162.0 kcal; PL: pre, 1733.0 ± 148.9 vs. post, 1750.5 ± 149.8 kcal; P < .001), maximal strength at 45 leg press (P < .001) and bench press (P < .001) in both groups, but no significant (P > .05) supplementation by training period interaction nor fat mass was observed. For subjective ratings of appetite, energy intake, leptin, and adiponectin, no significant effect of supplementation by training period interaction was observed (P > .05). In conclusion, 10 weeks of resistance training increased total body weight, muscle mass, and maximum strength in healthy untrained men; however, CAP supplementation (12 mg, 7 days per week) failed to change adipose tissue-derived hormones, appetite, body composition and muscle strength in this population. Registered under Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8cz9kfq). Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.11.010 PMID: 38141553 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Author Declarations None

Effect of Capsaicin Addition on Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Performance and Upper Respiratory Microbiota in Nursing Calves.

6. Microorganisms. 2023 Jul 27;11(8):1903. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11081903. Effect of Capsaicin Addition on Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Performance and Upper Respiratory Microbiota in Nursing Calves. Su M(1)(2)(3), She Y(1)(2), Deng M(1)(2), Guo Y(1)(2), Li Y(1)(2), Liu G(1)(2), Sun B(1)(2), Liu D(1)(2)(3)(4). Author information: (1)College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. (2)National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. (3)National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. (4)Collaborative Innovation Center for Healthy Sheep Breeding and Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China. Capsaicin (CAP) has various biological activities; it has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and stimulates intestinal development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CAP on the health of nursing calves under group housing conditions. Twenty-four newborn Holstein calves were randomly assigned to three treatment groups of eight calves each. The milk replacer was supplemented with 0, 0.15 or 0.3 mL/d of CAP in each of the three treatment groups. Following a one-month clinical trial of individual-pen housing, an extended one-month trial of group housing was conducted. At the end of the trial, serum samples, rectal fecal samples and upper respiratory swab samples were collected to determine the effect of CAP addition on serum parameters, fecal fermentation parameters and upper respiratory microbiota of calves under group housing conditions. The results showed that the addition of high doses of CAP decreased calf respiratory scores (p < 0.05), increased serum glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M and interleukin-10 concentration (p < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde, amyloid A and haptoglobin concentration (p < 0.05). Moreover, high doses of CAP increased the rectal fecal concentration of total short-chain fatty acids, acetate and butyric acid (p < 0.05). In addition, CAP regulated the upper respiratory tract microbiota, with high doses of CAP reducing Mycoplasma abundance (p < 0.05), two doses of CAP reducing Corynebacterium abundance (p < 0.05) and a tendency to reduce Staphylococcus abundance (p = 0.06). Thus, CAP can improve calf antioxidant capacity, immune capacity and reduce inflammatory factors, stress proteins as well as improve gut fermentation and upper respiratory microbiota under group housing conditions, which is beneficial for healthy calf growth. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081903 PMCID: PMC10458815 PMID: 37630463 Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

A single dose of dihydrocapsiate does not improve neuromuscular performance in resistance-trained young adults: A randomised, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

7. Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Dec;23(12):2299-2310. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2229854. Epub 2023 Aug 23. A single dose of dihydrocapsiate does not improve neuromuscular performance in resistance-trained young adults: A randomised, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Osuna-Prieto FJ(1)(2)(3), Milla-Martín D(4), Miras-Moreno S(4), Jurado-Fasoli L(1)(5), Ramírez-Maldonado M(1), Soriano MA(6), Garcia-Ramos A(4)(7), Ruiz JR(1)(8)(9), Amaro-Gahete FJ(1)(8)(9). Author information: (1)Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. (2)Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. (3)Research Institute in Health Pere Virgili, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain. (4)Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. (5)Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. (6)Strength Training & Neuromuscular Performance (STreNgthP) Research Group, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain. (7)Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile. (8)Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain. (9)CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain. Capsinoids may exert ergogenic effects on resistance exercises. However, the acute effects of capsinoids on neuromuscular performance in humans are unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the acute effects of dihydrocapsiate on lower- and upper-body neuromuscular performance parameters in resistance-trained individuals. 25 young adults (n = 6 women; age = 26 ± 3 years; body mass index = 24.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2) with ≥ 1-year resistance training experience were included in this triple-blind (participants, intervention researchers, and data analysts were blinded), placebo-controlled, crossover study. Lower- and upper-body ballistic strength (countermovement jump [CMJ] height and bench press throw [BPT] peak velocity), maximum dynamic strength (estimated 1 repetition maximum in squat and bench press [BP]), and strength-endurance (mean set velocity [squat] and number of repetitions to failure [bench press]) were assessed in 2 independent sessions (≥7 days separation). Participants ingested 12 mg of dihydrocapsiate or placebo 30 min before each trial. We found no significant differences between dihydrocapsiate and placebo conditions in ballistic strength, (CMJ height 33.20 ± 8.07 vs 33.32 ± 7.85 cm; BPT peak velocity 2.82 ± 0.77 vs 2.82 ± 0.74 m/s) maximal dynamic strength (estimated squat 1RM: 123.76 ± 40.63 vs 122.66 ± 40.97 kg; estimated BP 1RM: 99.47 ± 43.09 vs 99.60 ± 43.34 kg), and strength-endurance (squat mean set velocity 0.66 ± 0.07 vs 0.66 ± 0.05 m/s; number BP repetitions to failure 13.00 ± 3.56 vs 13.00 ± 4.78) (all P ≥ 0.703). We conclude that dihydrocapsiate does not acutely improve neuromuscular performance in trained young adults. Plain Language Summary: Capsinoids – non-pungent analogs of capsaicin – have been recently proposed as potential ergogenic compounds in humans.However, the effects of a single dose of capsinoids on neuromuscular performance parameters in humans remains unknown.12 mg of dihydrocapsiate does not improve neuromuscular performance in resistance-trained young adults.Dihydrocapsiate should not be recommended as an ergogenic aid to acutely increase neuromuscular performance. DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2229854 PMID: 37440417 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

A Little Pepper-Upper? Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Studies on Capsaicinoids, Capsinoids, and Exercise Performance.

8. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2023 Jul 6;33(5):291-301. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0016. Print 2023 Sep 1. A Little Pepper-Upper? Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Studies on Capsaicinoids, Capsinoids, and Exercise Performance. Sukan-Karaçağıl B(1), Akbulut G(1), Açar Y(1), Demirkoparan M(1). Author information: (1)Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara,Turkey. Capsaicinoids and capsinoids are bioactive compounds mostly found in peppers. Although preclinical studies have reported that these compounds can improve exercise performance due to transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1)-mediated thermogenesis, sympathetic modulation, and releasing calcium, it is still unclear how they affect exercise performance in humans as ergogenic supplements. Conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guide 2020, this systematic review examined the ergogenic effect of capsaicinoids and capsinoids on exercise performance in healthy adults. A total of 19 randomized placebo-controlled trials were included in the study. Studies were accessed by searching five databases (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library). The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. According to the study results, 10 studies examining the effect of capsaicinoid and capsinoid supplements on exercise performance reported positive effects. Also, the effect of capsaicinoids and capsinoids on exercise performance is more pronounced in resistance training. This difference, which varies according to the type of exercise, may be due to the correlation between capsaicin transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 and insulin-like growth factor-1. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0016 PMID: 37414405 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The effects of capsaicin intake on weight loss among overweight and obese subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

9. Br J Nutr. 2023 Nov 14;130(9):1645-1656. doi: 10.1017/S0007114523000697. Epub 2023 Mar 20. The effects of capsaicin intake on weight loss among overweight and obese subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Zhang W(1), Zhang Q(2), Wang L(1), Zhou Q(1), Wang P(2), Qing Y(2), Sun C(1)(2). Author information: (1)Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou450001, People's Republic of China. (2)School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, 101 Kexue Road, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou450001, People's Republic of China. Animal studies have shown that capsaicin plays a positive role in weight management. However, the results in human research are controversial. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of capsaicin on weight loss in adults. We searched PubMed, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Cochrane library and clinical registration centre, identifying all randomised controlled trials (RCT) published in English and Chinese to 3 May 2022. A random-effect model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % CI. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the Cochran Q statistic and I-squared tests (I 2 ). Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 15.1. P-values < 0·05 were considered as statistically significant. From 2377 retrieved studies, fifteen studies were finally included in the meta-analyses. Fifteen RCT with 762 individuals were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the supplementation of capsaicin resulted in significant reduction on BMI (WMD: -0·25 kg/m2, 95 % CI = -0·35, -0·15 kg/m2, P < 0·05), body weight (BW) (WMD: -0·51 kg, 95 % CI = -0·86, -0·15 kg, P < 0·05) and waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -1·12 cm, 95 % CI = -2·00, -0·24 cm, P < 0·05). We found no detrimental effect of capsaicin on waist-to-hip ratio (WMD: -0·05, 95 % CI = -0·17, 0·06, P > 0·05). The current meta-analysis suggests that capsaicin supplementation may have rather modest effects in reducing BMI, BW and WC for overweight or obese individuals. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523000697 PMID: 36938807 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Gender-specific effects of capsiate supplementation on body weight and bone mineral density: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in slightly overweight women.

10. J Endocrinol Invest. 2023 Jul;46(7):1415-1422. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01999-w. Epub 2023 Jan 6. Gender-specific effects of capsiate supplementation on body weight and bone mineral density: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in slightly overweight women. Salvio G(1), Petrelli M(1), Paolini S(1), Baldini V(1), Sbaffi C(1), Basili S(1), Giordano A(2), Balercia G(1), Cinti S(3). Author information: (1)Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy. (2)Center of Obesity, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy. (3)Center of Obesity, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy. saverio.cinti@icloud.com. INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent conditions associated with premature morbidity and mortality worldwide. Capsiate, a nonpungent analogue of capsaicin, binds to TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor, which is involved in adipogenesis, and could be effective as a weight-lowering agent. METHODS: Eighteen slightly overweight women were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nine patients were included in the capsiate intervention group and received 9 mg/day of capsinoids and 9 patients received placebo for 8 weeks. All patients underwent weight and waist circumference assessment before and after treatment. Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were also detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS: Fourteen patients completed the study. The treatment with capsiate or placebo for 8 weeks was not associated with significant changes in weight or waist circumference. After treatment, there was a significant improvement in BMD values measured at the spine in the capsiate group (1.158 vs 1.106 g/cm2, + 4.7%; p = 0.04), but not in the group treated with placebo. Similarly, the capsiate group showed a 9.1% increase (p = 0.05) in the adipose tissue and an 8.5% decrease in lean mass measured at the supraclavicular level, whereas these changes were not statistically significant in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with capsiate for 8 weeks led to negligible changes in body weight in a small sample of slightly overweight women, but our findings suggest a potential effect of capsaicin on bone metabolism in humans. © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE). DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01999-w PMID: 36609773 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Acute Response to Capsiate Supplementation at Rest and during Exercise on Energy Intake, Appetite, Metabolism, and Autonomic Function: A Randomized Trial.

11. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2022 Aug;41(6):541-550. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1938294. Epub 2021 Jul 12. Acute Response to Capsiate Supplementation at Rest and during Exercise on Energy Intake, Appetite, Metabolism, and Autonomic Function: A Randomized Trial. Rossi PAQ(1), Lira FS(1), Bezerra VR(1), Clark NW(2), Fukuda DH(2), Panissa VLG(3). Author information: (1)Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. (2)Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida. (3)Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of capsiate supplementation on energy intake, self-reported appetite-related sensations, energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and autonomic parameters with and without an exercise intervention. METHODS: Thirteen healthy men completed four randomized trials: two trials for the control condition (without exercise), one with capsiate supplementation (CTRLcap) and one with a placebo (CTRLpla), and two trials for the exercise condition, one with capsiate supplementation (EXcap) and one with placebo (EXpla). Exercise sessions were performed 150 min after the consumption of a standardized breakfast, and supplementation 115 min after consumption of breakfast. An ad libitum buffet was offered 200 min following the completion of the standardized breakfast, and energy intake (EI) and relative energy intake (REI) (relative energy intake = energy intake - energy expenditure related to exercise) were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant effects on EI, self-reported appetite sensations, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure. REI was reduced in conditions involving EX when compared to CTRL. A low-frequency to high-frequency ratio for heart rate variability was higher in CTRLcap (1.6 ± 1.1) vs. CTRLpla (1.2 ± 0.9) (p = 0.025; d = 0.39). CONCLUSION: Acute capsiate supplementation combined with aerobic exercise has limited effects on the examined variables (EI, REI, fat oxidation, energy expenditure, and autonomic parameters), while changes in the autonomic nervous system function in the absence of exercise may have occurred without influencing other variables. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ensaiosclinicos.gov.br number, RBR-5pckyr https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5pckyr. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1938294 PMID: 34252340 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM-17938 for preventing cough in adults with mild allergic asthma: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study.

12. Clin Exp Allergy. 2021 Sep;51(9):1133-1143. doi: 10.1111/cea.13976. Epub 2021 Jul 8. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM-17938 for preventing cough in adults with mild allergic asthma: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study. Satia I(1)(2), Cusack R(1), Stevens C(1), Schlatman A(1), Wattie J(1), Mian F(1), Killian KJ(1), O'Byrne PM(1)(2), Bienenstock J(1), Forsythe P(1), Gauvreau GM(1). Author information: (1)Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. (2)Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada. BACKGROUND: Cough is a common troublesome symptom in asthma which is neuronally mediated. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM-17938 (L. reuteri DSM-17938) is a probiotic shown to be effective in pre-clinical models at suppressing neuronal responses to capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid agonist (TRPV1). OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effects of DSM-17938 versus matched placebo on capsaicin-evoked coughs in mild allergic asthmatics. METHODS: We performed a 4-visit, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way cross-over study comparing full dose cough responses with inhaled capsaicin in mild allergic asthmatics after 1 month of treatment with DSM-17938 compared with matched placebo. Randomization and allocation to trial group were carried out by a central computer system. Histamine skin prick testing, airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammatory cells in induced sputum were measured at every visit. Blood was collected to extract PBMCs and stimulated with CD3/CD28 to ascertain the effects of DSM-17938 /placebo on T-cell cytokine responses. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects were recruited and 15 completed the study (8 females, mean age 27.3 years). There was no difference in the change in maximum capsaicin-evoked coughs (Emax) after treatment with L. reuteri DSM-17938 compared with placebo [mean difference 2.07 coughs (95% CI -2.77 to 6.91, p = .38) or relative changes in geometric mean ratios for the dose evoking at least half the Emax (ED50) [1.05 (95% CI 0.31-3.58, p = .94)], concentration evoking 2 coughs (C2) [0.63 (0.26-1.53), p = .28] and 5 coughs (C5) [0.79 (0.25-2.50), p = .67]. There was no effect on histamine skin prick wheal size, intensity of itch sensation, methacholine PC20, airway inflammation or T-cell responses after stimulation with CD3/CD28. There were no serious adverse events. One subject developed a mild upper respiratory tract infection and another mild transient nausea whilst on DSM-17938. CONCLUSION: In this small study in adults with mild allergic asthma, we found no evidence that L. reuteri DSM-17938 has any systemic effects on airway nerves, smooth muscle, sputum inflammatory cells, skin responses or T-cell responses after oral consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03603522. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. DOI: 10.1111/cea.13976 PMID: 34192396 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Capsaicin Analogue Supplementation Does Not Improve 10 km Running Time-Trial Performance in Male Amateur Athletes: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Study.

13. Nutrients. 2020 Dec 24;13(1):34. doi: 10.3390/nu13010034. Capsaicin Analogue Supplementation Does Not Improve 10 km Running Time-Trial Performance in Male Amateur Athletes: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Study. von Ah Morano AE(1), Padilha CS(1), Soares VAM(1), Andrade Machado F(2)(3), Hofmann P(4), Rossi FE(1)(5), Lira FS(1). Author information: (1)Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil. (2)Post-Graduate Program of Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil. (3)Associate Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education UEM/UEL, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil. (4)Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria. (5)Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina PI 64049-550, Brazil. BACKGROUND: To investigate the acute effects of a capsaicin analogue supplement on 10 km time-trial performance and physiological responses in amateur athletes. METHODS: Twenty-one participants (age = 29.3 ± 5.5 years, weight 74.2 ± 11.3 kg, height 176.0 ± 0.0 cm, fat mass 12.7 ± 3.8%, V˙O2max 62.7 ± 8.4 mL·k-1·min-1), completed two randomized, double-blind trials: capsaicin analogue condition (Capsiate (CAP) = 24 mg) or a placebo (PLA) condition. The participants consumed two doses of 12 mg of CAP or PLA capsule 45 min before and immediately at the start of each trial. The time required to complete 10 km, lactate concentration, maximum heart rate (HRpeak), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. RESULTS: The 10 km time-trial performance (CAP = 45.07 ± 6.41 min vs. PLA = 45.13 ± 6.73, p = 0.828) was not statistically significantly different between conditions. No statistically significant differences between conditions were detected for lactate concentration (p = 0.507), HRpeak (p = 0.897) and RPE (p = 0.517). CONCLUSION: Two doses of a 12 mg Capsaicin analogue supplement did not improve performance and physiological responses in a 10 km running time-trial in amateur athletes. DOI: 10.3390/nu13010034 PMCID: PMC7823530 PMID: 33374147 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Effect of Capsinoids Supplementation on Fat Oxidation and Muscle Glycogen Restoration During Post-exercise Recovery in Humans.

14. Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(7):981-988. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200824104856. Effect of Capsinoids Supplementation on Fat Oxidation and Muscle Glycogen Restoration During Post-exercise Recovery in Humans. Liao SF(1), Korivi M(2), Tsao JP(3), Huang CC(4), Chang CC(5), Cheng IS(6). Author information: (1)Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan. (2)Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, Zhejiang, China. (3)Center for General Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City, Taiwan. (4)Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan. (5)Physical Education Center, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien City, Taiwan. (6)Department of Physical Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City, Taiwan. BACKGROUND: Capsinoids (CSN), the novel non-pungent capsaicin analogs have been reported to promote metabolic health and exercise tolerance. However, the effect of CSN on fat oxidation and changes in skeletal muscle glycogen levels during post-exercise recovery has not been investigated in humans. PURPOSE: We examined the effect of CSN supplementation on energy reliance, glycogen resynthesis and molecular proteins in the skeletal muscle of young adults during post-exercise recovery. METHODS: In this crossover-designed study, nine healthy adult male volunteers (aged 21.4±0.2 years, BMI 21.9±1.3 kg/m2) completed a 60-min cycling exercise at 70% VO2max. Participants consumed either CSN (12 mg, single dosage) or placebo capsules with a high-carbohydrate meal (2 g carb/kg bodyweight) immediately after exercise. Biopsied muscle samples (vastus lateralis), blood, and gaseous samples were obtained during 3h postexercise recovery period. RESULTS: We found that oral CSN supplementation right after exercise significantly altered the energy reliance on fat oxidation during recovery. This was evidenced by lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and higher fat oxidation rate in CSN trial. Despite this, acute CSN dosage does not contribute in enhancing the glycogen replenishment in skeletal muscle during 3h recovery. We identified no significant differences in postprandial glucose and insulin area under the curve in both trials. Western blot data showed an increased muscle GLUT4 expression, but no significant response of p-Akt/Akt ratio with CSN during post-exercise recovery. CONCLUSION: Our findings conclude that acute CSN intake could change energy reliance on fat oxidation but is unable to enhance muscle glycogen resynthesis during post-exercise recovery. Thus, ergogenic properties of CSN in relevance to muscle glycogen restoration following exercise needs to be further investigated in young adults. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net. DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200824104856 PMID: 32838710 [Indexed for MEDLINE]