여주 (비터멜론)
Bitter Melon
📚 관련 논문 (19편)
1. Phytother Res. 2024 Dec;38(12):5949-5961. doi: 10.1002/ptr.8357. Epub 2024 Oct 23. The Effects of Bitter Melon ( Mormordica charantia ) on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Amini MR(1), Rasaei N(2)(3), Jalalzadeh M(2), Pourreza S(2), Hekmatd
2. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2024 Oct;174:106877. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106877. Epub 2024 Jul 28. The effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on anthropometric indices in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zou Y(1), Zou W(2)
3. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jun;311(Pt 2):143531. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143531. Epub 2025 Apr 28. Synergistic action of a Momordica charantia-abundant peptide with insulin regulates blood glucose metabolism in db/db mice via a novel second-hit mechanism on insulin receptor activation. H
4. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2022 Mar;28(2):486-488. doi: 10.1177/10781552211040725. Epub 2021 Sep 27. Dangerous interaction of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) with pazopanib: A case of acute pancreatitis. Unsal O(1), Sütcüoğlu O(1), Yazıcı O(1). Author information: (1)Department of Medical Oncol
5. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Nov;161:105157. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105157. Epub 2020 Aug 16. MAP30 protein from Momordica charantia is therapeutic and has synergic activity with cisplatin against ovarian cancer in vivo by altering metabolism and inducing ferroptosis. Chan DW(1), Yung MM(2), Chan Y
6. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2003 Feb 15;60(4):356-9. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/60.4.356. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a review of efficacy and safety. Basch E(1), Gabardi S, Ulbricht C. Author information: (1)Natural Standard, 1130 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138-5204, USA. The pharmacol
7. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Mar 17;208(2):779-85. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1405. Potentiation of anti-HIV activity of anti-inflammatory drugs, dexamethasone and indomethacin, by MAP30, the antiviral agent from bitter melon. Bourinbaiar AS(1), Lee-Huang S. Author information: (1)Department
8. Int Wound J. 2024 Feb;21(2):e14760. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14760. Healing of diabetic foot ulcer with topical and oral administrations of herbal products: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zamanifard M(1), Nasiri M(2), Yarahmadi F(3), Zonoori S(3), Razani O(4),
9. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul 7;15(25):3073-85. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.3073. A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity. Hasani-Ranjbar S(1), Nayebi N, Larijani B, Abdollahi M. Author information: (1)Endocrinology and Metabolism Research
1. J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 May 12;347:119756. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2025.119756. Epub 2025 Apr 6. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) supplementation for twelve weeks improves biomarkers of glucose homeostasis in a prediabetic population. Mes JJ(1), van den Belt M(2), van der Haar S(3), Oosterink E(4), Luijendijk T(5), Manusama K(6), van Dam L(7), de Bie T(8), Witkamp R(9), Esser D(10). Author information: (1)Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Food, Health & Consumer Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: jurriaan.mes@wur.nl. (2)Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Food, Health & Consumer Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: maartje.vandenbelt@wur.nl. (3)Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Food, Health & Consumer Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: sandra.vanderhaar@wur.nl. (4)Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Food, Health & Consumer Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: els.oosterink@wur.nl. (5)Stichting Control in Food & Flowers, Distributieweg 1, 2645 EG, Delfgauw, the Netherlands. Electronic address: teus.luijendijk@scff.nl. (6)Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: koen.manusama@wur.nl. (7)Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: lotte.vandam@wur.nl. (8)Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: tessa.debie@wur.nl. (9)Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: renger.witkamp@wur.nl. (10)Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Food, Health & Consumer Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: diederik.esser@wur.nl. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is known for its ability to reduce parameters of diabetes, but its effects on prediabetic subjects have been scarcely studied. AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess the efficacy of Momordica charantia supplementation in a prediabetic population on markers of glucose homeostasis. METHODS: Two randomized controlled studies were conducted to assess the effect of bitter gourd supplementation in a prediabetic population. Study 1 was a 4-week cross-over intervention trial (n = 30), with freeze-dried bitter gourd (BG) fruit juice (2.4 g/day) or a cucumber-based control product (CC). Study 2 was a parallel trial (n = 38) lasting 12 weeks, with freeze-dried whole fruits (3.6 g/day) or a cucumber-based matched control supplement. Effects on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HbA1c, fructosamine, postprandial glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test, and several safety biomarkers were also analyzed in both trials before and after the interventions. RESULTS: In Study 1, no significant differences were found between the bitter gourd and placebo interventions. However, a reduction in FPG in subjects with higher baseline values were found following bitter gourd supplementation, which was not observed in the control group. However, in Study 2, we observed significant reductions of FPG (p = 0.014), fasting insulin (p = 0.007), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.003) after a 12-week intervention with the bitter gourd supplement. In addition, between treatment analysis resulted in significant effects on FPG levels (p = 0.026) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.045) with no significant effects on other biomarkers related to glucose metabolism. On average, bitter gourd intervention reduced FPG by ∼0.05 mmol/L per week, whereas FPG remained unchanged following placebo. In both studies, there were no indications of health risks or side effects from consumption of the supplements. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that supplementation with bitter gourd fruit can have positive effects on fasting plasma glucose and insulin among prediabetic subjects when provided over an extended period of at least 12 weeks. Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2025.119756 PMID: 40199408 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
2. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2025 May-Jun;44(4):306-314. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2428301. Epub 2024 Nov 13. Investigation of the Influence of a Bitter Melon Product on Indicators of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults with Prediabetes. Guarneiri LL(1), Wilcox ML(1), Kuan CM(2), Maki KC(1)(3). Author information: (1)Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, Illinois, USA. (2)Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Taichung, Taiwan. (3)Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of bitter melon extract supplementation on glycemia in individuals with prediabetes. METHODS: This was a 12-week randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled study where 75 adults with prediabetes were randomly allocated into the low-dose bitter melon (300 mg/day) (n = 26), high-dose bitter melon (600 mg/day) (n = 24), or control (n = 25) groups. RESULTS: At baseline and weeks 6 and 12, anthropometrics were measured, and fasting blood samples were obtained. The high-dose (1.05% ± 10.2%) and low-dose bitter melon (3.35% ± 13.2%) groups showed smaller increases in blood glucose levels at 12 wk, compared to the control group (11.0% ± 16.3%) (p < 0.05). A subgroup analysis of participants with age ≥ the median demonstrated a greater reduction in glycated hemoglobin at 12 wk in the high-dose bitter melon group (median change: -0.20%; IQRL: -0.20%, -0.05%) vs. the control group (median change: 0.00%; IQRL: -0.10%, 0.20%) (p = 0.017). Compliance with the interventions was >95%, and the study products were tolerated well. CONCLUSION: The bitter melon extract may help maintain a healthy level of glucose in adults with prediabetes. DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2428301 PMID: 39536276 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
3. Trials. 2023 Jan 17;24(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07085-7. The effect of bitter almond (Amygdalus communis L. var. Amara) gum as a functional food on metabolic profile, inflammatory markers, and mental health in type 2 diabetes women: a blinded randomized controlled trial protocol. Saati S(1), Dehghan P(2), Azizi-Soleiman F(3), Mobasseri M(4). Author information: (1)Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. (2)Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614711, Iran. dehghan.nut@gmail.com. (3)Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. (4)Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. BACKGROUND: Using functional foods in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased across the world owing to their availability, cultural acceptability, and lower side effects. The present study will aim to examine the impact of bitter almond (Amygdalus communis L. var. Amara) gum as a functional food on metabolic profile, inflammatory markers, and mental health in women with T2DM. METHODS: We will conduct a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 44 women with T2DM will be randomly allocated into two groups: an intervention group (n = 20) and a placebo group (n = 20). Patients will receive either 5 g/d of bitter melon gum or a placebo for 8 weeks. Clinical and biochemical outcome parameters which include glycemic indices, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indices, tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (KYN), cortisol, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gene expression, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), endothelial cell adhesion molecules, plasminogen, cluster deference 4 (CD4), cluster deference 8 (CD8), anthropometric indices, blood pressure, dietary intake, and mental health will be measured at the baseline and end of the study. Statistical analysis will be conducted using the SPSS software (version 24), and P value less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. DISCUSSION: The present randomized controlled trial will aim to investigate any beneficial effects of bitter almond gum supplementation on the cardio-metabolic, immune-inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as mental health in women with T2DM. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.726). TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir/IRCT20150205020965N7 ). © 2023. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07085-7 PMCID: PMC9847170 PMID: 36650599 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
4. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2021 Nov 17;13(1):132. doi: 10.1186/s13098-021-00746-0. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial of a herbal formulation (GlycaCare-II) for the management of type 2 diabetes in comparison with metformin. Majeed M(1)(2), Majeed A(1), Nagabhusahnam K(2), Mundkur L(1), Paulose S(3). Author information: (1)Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, 19/1 & 19/2, I Main, II Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India. (2)Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, NJ, 08520, USA. (3)Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, 19/1 & 19/2, I Main, II Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India. shaji@clinworld.org. BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern with growing prevalence with multiple debilitating complications. GlycaCare-II is a proprietary herbal formulation supplement for T2DM containing extracts of Cinnamomum cassia, Momordica charantia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Gymnema sylvestre, Salacia reticulata, Eugenia jambolana, and a bioavailability enhancer piperine from Piper nigrum. OBJECTIVE: The antihyperglycemic potential of GlycaCare-II was compared against metformin in a double-blind study. DESIGN: It was a randomized, two-arm design on prediabetic (N = 29; 12 in metformin and 17 in GlycaCare-II arm, respectively) and newly diagnosed diabetic (N = 40; 16 in metformin and 24 in GlycaCare-II) patients for 120 days. OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in diabetic panel glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and postprandial blood sugar (PBS) were the primary endpoints. Lipid profile, liver profile, thyroid-stimulating hormone, bilirubin and creatinine were the secondary endpoints. RESULT: Twice a day treatment for 120 days with GlycaCare-II led to a statistically significant change in HbA1c (p < 0.001), FBS (p < 0.001), PBS (p < 0.001) on both prediabetic and newly diagnosed diabetic patients. GlycaCare-II showed a similar potential as metformin in the treatment of T2DM. In the prediabetic group, both GlycaCare-II and metformin were comparable for all the hyperglycemic index parameters. In the case of newly diagnosed diabetic patients, GlycaCare-II showed a significantly better reduction for PBS (p = 0.026) as compared to metformin, while all other parameters in the diabetic panel were comparable. No adverse events were reported throughout the trial period. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GlycaCare-II is effective in managing T2DM in both newly diagnosed diabetic and prediabetic patients. © 2021. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00746-0 PMCID: PMC8596953 PMID: 34789340 Conflict of interest statement: Dr. Muhammed Majeed is the Founder and Managing Director of Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited and Sabinsa Corporation. The authors declare that this study received funding from Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited/ Sabinsa Corporation. The funder was involved in conceptualizing the project and providing resources. The funder was not involved in study design, data collection, and analysis of results, but was part of reviewing the manuscript and decision to publish. All the authors are affiliated with Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited or Sabinsa Corporation.
5. Med Hypotheses. 2020 Jan;134:109444. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109444. Epub 2019 Oct 22. News and views in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): The role of co-morbidity and novel treatments. Comhaire F(1), Deslypere JP(2). Author information: (1)Emeritus Professor of Internal Medicine, Endrocrinology and Metabolic diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. Electronic address: frank@comhaire.com. (2)Managing Director Aesculape CRO BVBA, Belseledorp, 116; B9111 Belsele, Belgium. Though affecting many thousands of patients, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) should be considered an orphan disease, since the cause remains elusive and no treatment is available that can provide complete cure. There is reasonable insight into the pathogenesis of signs and symptoms, and treatments specifically directed to immunological, inflammatory and metabolic processes offer relief to an increasing number of patients. Particular attention is given to the importance of co-morbidity requiring appropriate therapy. Promising results are obtained by treatment with Metformin, or possibly Momordica charantia extract, which will correct insulin resistance, with Meldonium improving the transportation of glucose into the mitochondria, with sodium dichloroacetate activating pyruvate dehydrogenase, and with nutraceutical support reducing oxidative and inflammatory impairment. Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109444 PMID: 31669858 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
6. Nutr J. 2012 Jan 13;11:4. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-4. Wild bitter gourd improves metabolic syndrome: a preliminary dietary supplementation trial. Tsai CH(1), Chen EC, Tsay HS, Huang CJ. Author information: (1)Department of Family Medicine, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan. BACKGROUND: Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a common tropical vegetable that has been used in traditional or folk medicine to treat diabetes. Wild bitter gourd (WBG) ameliorated metabolic syndrome (MetS) in animal models. We aimed to preliminarily evaluate the effect of WBG supplementation on MetS in Taiwanese adults. METHODS: A preliminary open-label uncontrolled supplementation trial was conducted in eligible fulfilled the diagnosis of MetS from May 2008 to April 2009. A total of 42 eligible (21 men and 21 women) with a mean age of 45.7 ± 11.4 years (23 to 63 years) were supplemented with 4.8 gram lyophilized WBG powder in capsules daily for three months and were checked for MetS at enrollment and follow-up monthly. After supplementation was ceased, the participants were continually checked for MetS monthly over an additional three-month period. MetS incidence rate were analyzed using repeated-measures generalized linear mixed models according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: After adjusting for sex and age, the MetS incidence rate (standard error, p value) decreased by 7.1% (3.7%, 0.920), 9.5% (4.3%, 0.451), 19.0% (5.7%, 0.021), 16.7% (5.4%, 0.047), 11.9% (4.7%, 0.229) and 11.9% (4.7%, 0.229) at visit 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 compared to that at baseline (visit 1), respectively. The decrease in incidence rate was highest at the end of the three-month supplementation period and it was significantly different from that at baseline (p = 0.021). The difference remained significant at end of the 4th month (one month after the cessation of supplementation) (p = 0.047) but the effect diminished at the 5th and 6th months after baseline. The waist circumference also significantly decreased after the supplementation (p < 0.05). The WBG supplementation was generally well-tolerated. CONCLUSION: This is the first report to show that WBG improved MetS in human which provides a firm base for further randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of WBG supplementation. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-4 PMCID: PMC3311063 PMID: 22243626 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
7. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Oct 29;126(1):127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.035. Epub 2009 Aug 7. No effect of acute, single dose oral administration of Momordica charantia Linn., on glycemia, energy expenditure and appetite: a pilot study in non-diabetic overweight men. Kasbia GS(1), Arnason JT, Imbeault P. Author information: (1)Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada. AIM OF THE STUDY: Momordica charantia Linn. Cucurbitaceae (MC), has been used to treat glycemic impairment in humans for centuries. The objective of this study was to determine the acute effect of MC on postprandial glucose levels, energy expenditure/fuel mixture and appetite in overweight men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five healthy overweight men were supplemented on three randomized conditions where (1) no MC (placebo), (2) 50 mg/kg body weight (MC50) or (3) 100 mg/kg body weight of freeze dried MC were administered orally prior to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured before and during the OGTT. Energy expenditure as well as carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry. Visual analogue scales were used to rate appetite profile. RESULTS: Plasma glucose and insulin levels significantly increased during the OGTT (p < or =0.05) but no significant difference was observed between experimental conditions. Energy expenditure, carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rates as well as appetite profile did not differ between experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that from an acute standpoint, a freeze dried MC extraction in its present dose form does not affect plasma glucose/insulin levels, energy expenditure, substrate mixture and appetite scores following an oral glucose load in non-diabetic overweight men. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.035 PMID: 19665538 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
8. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(1):151-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.03.036. Nutraceutical resources for diabetes prevention--an update. McCarty MF(1). Author information: (1)NutriGuard Research, 1051 Hermes Avenue, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA. mccarty@pantox.com There is considerable need for safe agents that can reduce risk for diabetes in at-risk subjects. Although certain drugs--including metformin, acarbose, and orlistat--have shown diabetes-preventive activity in large randomized studies, nutraceuticals have potential in this regard as well. Natural agents which slow carbohydrate absorption may mimic the protective effect of acarbose; these include: soluble fiber--most notably glucomannan; chlorogenic acid--likely responsible for reduction in diabetes risk associated with heavy coffee intake; and legume-derived alpha-amylase inhibitors. There does not appear to be a natural lipase inhibitor functionally equivalent to orlistat, although there are poorly documented claims for Cassia nomame extracts. Metformin's efficacy reflects activation of AMP-activated kinase; there is preliminary evidence that certain compounds in barley malt have similar activity, without the side effects associated with metformin. In supraphysiological concentrations, biotin directly activates soluble guanylate cyclase; this implies that, at some sufficient intake, biotin should exert effects on beta cells, the liver, and skeletal muscle that favor good glucose tolerance and maintenance of effective beta cell function. Good magnesium status is associated with reduced diabetes risk and superior insulin sensitivity in recent epidemiology; ample intakes of chromium picolinate appear to promote insulin sensitivity in many individuals and improve glycemic control in some diabetics; calcium/vitamin D may help preserve insulin sensitivity by preventing secondary hyperparathyroidism. Although conjugated linoleic acid--like thiazolidinediones, a PPAR-gamma agonist--has not aided insulin sensitivity in clinical trials, the natural rexinoid phytanic acid exerts thiazolidinedione-like effect in animals and cell cultures, and merits clinical examination. Other natural agents with the potential to treat and possibly prevent diabetes include extracts of bitter melon and of cinnamon. Nutraceuticals featuring meaningful doses of combinations of these agents would likely have substantial diabetes-preventive efficacy, and presumably could be marketed legally as aids to good glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.03.036 PMID: 15533633 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
9. Diabetes Care. 2003 Apr;26(4):1277-94. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.4.1277. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Yeh GY(1), Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Author information: (1)Division for Research and Education in Complementary and Integrative Medical Therapies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. gyeh@caregroup.harvard.edu OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the published literature on the efficacy and safety of herbal therapies and vitamin/mineral supplements for glucose control in patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted an electronic literature search of MEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE, Cochrane Library Database, and HealthSTAR, from database inception to May 2002, in addition to performing hand searches and consulting with experts in the field. Available clinical studies published in the English language that used human participants and examined glycemic control were included. Data were extracted in a standardized manner, and two independent investigators assessed methodological quality of randomized controlled trials using the Jadad scale. RESULTS: A total of 108 trials examining 36 herbs (single or in combination) and 9 vitamin/mineral supplements, involving 4,565 patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. There were 58 controlled clinical trials involving individuals with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (42 randomized and 16 nonrandomized trials). Most studies involved patients with type 2 diabetes. Heterogeneity and the small number of studies per supplement precluded formal meta-analyses. Of these 58 trials, the direction of the evidence for improved glucose control was positive in 76% (44 of 58). Very few adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: There is still insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of individual herbs and supplements for diabetes; however, they appear to be generally safe. The available data suggest that several supplements may warrant further study. The best evidence for efficacy from adequately designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is available for Coccinia indica and American ginseng. Chromium has been the most widely studied supplement. Other supplements with positive preliminary results include Gymnema sylvestre, Aloe vera, vanadium, Momordica charantia, and nopal. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.4.1277 PMID: 12663610 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
10. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981 Jun 6;282(6279):1823-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.282.6279.1823. Improvement in glucose tolerance due to Momordica charantia (karela). Leatherdale BA, Panesar RK, Singh G, Atkins TW, Bailey CJ, Bignell AH. The effect of karela (Momordica charantia), a fruit indigenous to South America and Asia, on glucose and insulin concentrations was studied in nine non-insulin-dependent diabetics and six non-diabetic laboratory rats. A water-soluble extract of the fruits significantly reduced blood glucose concentrations during a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test in the diabetics and after force-feeding in the rats. Fried karela fruits consumed as a daily supplement to the diet produced a small but significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Improvement in glucose tolerance was not associated with an increase in serum insulin responses. These results show that karela improves glucose tolerance in diabetes. Doctors supervising Asian diabetics should be aware of the fruit's hypoglycaemic properties. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.282.6279.1823 PMCID: PMC1506397 PMID: 6786635 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
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